Glycaemic Response, Insulinaemic Response, GLP-1 and GIP Testing of Food Product Lines

The aims of this study were to examine:

• Phase I - the glycaemic response (GR) and insulinaemic response (IR) to:

• 50 g available carbohydrate
• 50 g available carbohydrate + protein (dose 1)
• 50 g available carbohydrate + protein (dose 2)
• Phase II - the GLP-1 and GIP response to:

• 50 g available carbohydrate
• 50 g available carbohydrate + protein (dose 1)
• 50 g available carbohydrate + protein (dose 2)

A single-blind, randomised, repeat measure, crossover design trial was used to study the response following consumption of three meals: one reference meal (50 g available carbohydrate) and two test meals (50 g available carbohydrate with protein dose 1 and 50 g available carbohydrate with protein dose 2). The study was conducted in two phases:

• Phase I: glycaemic response (GR), insulinaemic response (IR)
• Phase II: GLP-1 response and GIP response

Inclusion criteria

• Aged 18 to 60 years
• Body mass index (BMI) less than 30kg/m2

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnant or lactating
• Fasting blood glucose value > 6.1 mmol/l
• Any known food allergy or intolerance
• Medical condition(s) or medication(s) known to affect glucose regulation or appetite and/or which influence digestion and absorption of nutrients
• Known history of diabetes mellitus or the use of antihyperglycaemic drugs or insulin to treat diabetes and related conditions
• Major medical or surgical event requiring hospitalization within the preceding 3 months
• Use of steroids, protease inhibitors or antipsychotics (all of which have major effects on glucose metabolism and body fat distribution).
• Unable to comply with experimental procedures or did not follow GR testing safety guidelines.