Gastric Volume and Fasting Duration in Pregnant Women

This prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the effect of preoperative fasting duration on gastric volume and antral visibility in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section. A total of 90 pregnant women were included in the study and divided into two groups based on fasting duration (6-8 hours and 8-10 hours).

Preoperative gastric ultrasonography was performed in all patients to measure antral cross-sectional area and estimate gastric volume. Gastric content was also assessed using antral grading. Demographic and clinical data including age, body mass index, ASA physical status, comorbidities, and fetal characteristics were recorded.

Postoperative outcomes such as nausea, vomiting, and aspiration were evaluated and their relationship with gastric ultrasound findings was analyzed. Additionally, factors affecting gastric volume were assessed using statistical models.

The results of this study may contribute to improved perioperative risk stratification and individualized assessment of aspiration risk in obstetric anesthesia, and may help optimize preoperative fasting protocols.

Inclusion criteria

• Pregnant women aged 18-45 years Gestational age between 37-40 weeks Scheduled for elective cesarean section ASA physical status II-III Body mass index (BMI) < 35 kg/m² Undergoing spinal anesthesia

Exclusion criteria

• BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² Emergency cesarean section Known gastrointestinal disease (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux disease) Use of medications affecting gastric motility History of gastric surgery Presence of infiltrative diseases (e.g., scleroderma, amyloidosis) Use of antiemetic drugs within 24 hours before surgery Severe hypertension during pregnancy (systolic >160 mmHg or diastolic >110 mmHg) Multiple pregnancy Patients who refused to participate