Gastric Bypass and Peripheral Activity of the Endocannabinoid System

Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system has been associated with the development of obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in both animals and humans.

Obese patients, especially those with abdominal obesity, have significantly higher levels of endocannabinoids. No influence of moderate (5%) body weight loss (induced either by diet intervention or sibutramine) on the peripheral activity of the endocannabinoid system gastric bypass (GB) surgery is the most efficient treatment of obesity Hormonal pathways may participate to the weight reducing effect of the procedure.The endocannabinoid system is present in the gastrointestinal tract.

In animals, sustained weight loss after GB is characterized by reduction of endocannabinoids levels.

The endocannabinoid levels will be studied (baseline and after stimulation) in:

• Normal-weight subjects
• Obese subjects before and after gastric bypass surgery
• Obese subjects before and after a lifestyle intervention

Inclusion criteria

• Arms 1 and 2:
• Age between 18 and 60
• BMI > 40kg/m² or at least 30kg/m² with complication
• Medical follow up before surgery
• Patients that engaged themselves to a long medical follow up
• Efficient contraception
• Written, informed consent of each subject before the beginning of the study
• Arm 3:
• Age between 18 and 60
• BMI between 18 and 25 kg/m²
• Stable weight over the 3 past months
• Restrain score <4 disinhibition <6and hunger > 4 at the TFEQ
• No job in the endocrinology department
• Written, informed consent of each subject before the beginning of the study

Exclusion criteria

• Arms 1,2 and 3
• No care of obesity before inclusion
• Incapacity of the patient to follow a medical follow up
• Drug or alcohol abuse
• Urine test result positive for THC
• Threaten life diseases
• Pregnancy, breast feeding
• Smoking