Functional Effects of Tendon Neuroplastic Training in Wrestlers

ABSTRACT AIM: The term tendinopathy describes multifaceted pathologies occurring in the tendon, characterized by pain, functional impairment, and decreased exercise tolerance. The aim of this study is to use Tendon Neuroplastic Training (TNT) in Wrestlers with shoulder tendinopathy between the ages of 14-25; To investigate its effects on balance, coordination, mental performance and shoulder functionality.

METHOD: After determining the sample size of the study with the G Power (Software 3.1.9.2) program, 26 athletes were randomly divided into two groups; the study group received a 4-week TNT training protocol, while the control group received 4 weeks of standard eccentric training. Both groups were given exercises for the Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis and Biceps muscles. The athletes' balance with "Upper Quarter Y Balance", coordination with "Alternate Hand Wall Toss", and mental performance with Stroop Color-Word tests were evaluated. "Kerlan-Jobe" and "Western Ontario Rotator Cuff" scales were used to evaluate shoulder functionality and pain. All assessments were administered before and after exercise training. The data were analyzed statistically with the "IBM SPSS 25" package program.

Key Words: Athlete, Mental Test, Shoulder, Tendinopathy

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Key information

Conditions

Shoulder Tendinopathy Muscular Diseases Musculoskeletal Diseases Tendinopathy Tendon Injuries Wounds and Injuries

Sex eligibility

Male

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Kayseri Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate

Kayseri, 38100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Being a licensed athlete for at least one year
Having a diagnosis of tendinopathy based on clinical and radiological examination
To positive least three of the following diagnostic tests: Neer Test, Hawkins-Kennedy Test, Jobe-Supraspinatus Test, Painful arc at 60-120 degrees of shoulder abduction
Pain level is below 2 out of 10 at rest and below 3 out of 10 during active movement according to the visual pain scale,
No limitation in joint range of motion (at least 85% of the healthy side).

Exclusion criteria

• Having any vision or hearing problems

Previous surgery at last 6 month
Having diagnose complete tendon rupture

Treatment and study plan

tendon neuroplastic training

Other

Tendon Neuroplastic Training can be adapted to isometric and isotonic exercises with a digital metronome program. Tendon Neuroplastic Training has been reported to improve functionality and strength, reduce pain and cortical inhibition in athletes by generating 'adaptation' in central nervous system. Resistance training planned with visual or auditory stimuli (externally paced), can induce changes on motor control. the exercises paced to an external audio/visual cue on the participant's smartphone

Other names: External Paced Training

Primary outcomes

Cognitive function

Time frame: "Baseline" and "week 4"

Cognitive function was assessed with the Stroop Test TBAG (Temel Bilimler Araştırma Grubu) Form. The Stroop Test also referred to as the Color- Word Task, was used to assess executive abilities, selective attention, and the ability to inhibit a habitual response. In sports psychology research, the Stroop test and its derivations are commonly used to investigate the benefits of exercise on cognitive function. Stroop Test TBAG Form consists of five cards. For each section, the time taken by participants during the application was measured using a 0.01-second precision smartphone chronometer. The completion time of reading the card, the number of errors and the number of corrections (if any) for each section were recorded on an evaluation form for each participant. There are no minimum or maximum score values for this test. A lower score means a better result.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Hacettepe University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Functional Effects of Tendon Neuroplastic Training in Wrestlers With Shoulder Tendinopathy: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Important dates

Study start: 2024
Primary completion: 2025
Study completion: 2025
First posted: May 14, 2026
Registry last updated: May 14, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

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This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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