Frailty Index as An Indicator Associated With Postoperative Adverse Outcomes In The Older Population

Traditionally, frailty has been described as the form of chronological age. Evaluating the patient's risks based solely on age is difficult, several other factors contribute to physiologic aging and determine functional reserve and response to the risk of postoperative complications. To meet the clinical demand for simpler frailty measurement tools, a simplified 5-index modified frailty index (mFI-5) has been proposed and validated in many literatures. However, there is a lack of evidence on the link between preoperative weakness and poor prognosis in elderly patients undergoing non cardiac surgery.

Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the prognostic value of mFI-5 for short-term and long-term adverse outcomes such as postoperative delirium, anxiety, depression, acute pain, and mortality in elderly non-cardiac surgery patients. Our hypothesis is that frailty may be highly correlated with postoperative mortality and adverse outcomes in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, and that mFI-5 may be an effective risk prediction tool for decision-making and surgical planning.

Inclusion criteria

(1) participants ≥ 65 years of age;

Exclusion criteria

• lacked any covariate indicator or missing data for any confounder (such as demographic information, intraoperative surgery or anesthesia information);
• ASA physical status Ⅴ;
• Anesthesia other than general intravenous anesthesia or intravenous inhalation anesthesia;
• Surgery time ≤ 60 min.