Follow-up Extension Study of Regular Physical Exercise in Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

This is a non-interventional, observational study designed to investigate long-term clinical outcomes in symptomatic ICAS patients who have already enrolled in RESIST trial and completed the 1-year follow-up.

After completing 12-month randomized intervention from RESISR trial, investigators continue to follow the subjects up to 3 years without any further intervention or changes to routine clinical management. The primary endpoint is the incidence of new ischemic stroke within 3 years. Secondary endpoints include new ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack events in the responsible vessel supply area within 3 years; new ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack events within 3 years; hemorrhagic stroke event within 3 years; myocardial infarction within 3 years; falls within 3 years; all-cause death within 3 years; the proportion of patients with modified Rankin Scale score 0-1 at 3 years; the score of mini-Montreal Cognitive Assessment at 3 years; and the score of EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level at 3 years.

Approximately 1,300 subjects who have completed the RESIST trial's 1-year follow-up and consented to continue will be included. The overall study duration will extend from the first participant's entry into the observation period until the last participant completes the 3-year follow-up.

Inclusion criteria

• Participants who enrolled in the RESIST trial and completed the 12-month follow-up.
• Written informed consent to participate in this 3-year observational extension.

Exclusion criteria

Participants who withdrew consent in the RESIST trial, decline to participate in this extension, or were lost to follow-up at 12 months.