Recruiting

NCT Number: NCT06541535

Fluid Administration in Ketoacidosis (DRINK)

Management of severe diabetic ketoacidosis is based on insulin therapy, correction of metabolic disorders and fluid resuscitation. Current recommendations recommend the first-line use of isotonic saline, whose composition is unbalanced, rich in chloride and sodium compared with plasma. Administration of large volumes of isotonic saline is associated with a risk of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and acute renal failure. Balanced solutions (e.g. Ringer Lactate) are solutions with a more balanced electrolyte composition close to that of plasma. They could therefore enable diabetic ketoacidosis to be resolved more quickly than isotonic saline, due to a lower risk of hyperchloremic acidosis. Preliminary data suggest a potential benefit of balanced solutions for fluid resuscitation of patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis in terms of resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis, but no randomized controlled double-blind study to date has compared balanced solution vs. isotonic saline in this context.

Recruiting

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Key information

Conditions

Diabetic Keto-acidosis

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Phase 4

Primary location

CHU NICE

Nice, France

Location status: Recruiting

Location contact

MATHIEU JOZWIAK, MD PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

+33492035510

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Admission to emergency department or direct admission to ICU
Diagnosis of severe diabetic ketoacidosis requiring all the following criteria:
Blood or capillary glucose > 11 mmol/L
Ketonemia or ketonuria > 0
Venous or arterial pH < 7.30 or venous or arterial bicarbonate < 15 mmol/L
Volume of fluid administered before inclusion <1L

Exclusion criteria

Patients <18 years
Pregnant women
Patients under protection
Patients with a decision to withdraw life-sustaining therapy
Contraindication to isotonic saline or Ringer Lactate
Non-affiliation to social security

Treatment and study plan

Fluid resuscitation with isotonic saline only

Drug

Isotonic saline only will be used for fluid resuscitation in the first 48 hours of treatment, according to the protocol of English guidelines:

During the first hour of treatment:

In the event of systolic arterial hypotension (SAP<90mmHg): administration of 500 mL over 15 minutes, renewable once, then administration of 1L over 1 hour.
In the absence of systolic arterial hypotension (SAP>90mmHg): administration of 1L over 1 hour.
Between 60 minutes and 8 hours of treatment :

1L over 2 hours, repeated once, then 1L over 4 hours
Adjust fluid resuscitation according to clinical tolerance
After the first 8 hours:

1L over 4h then 1L over 6h
Clinical re-evaluation according to standard of care in participating centers

Fluid resuscitation with Ringer Lactate

Drug

Ringer Lactate only will be used for fluid resuscitation in the first 48 hours of treatment, according to the protocol of English guidelines:

During the first hour of treatment:

In the event of systolic arterial hypotension (SAP<90mmHg): administration of 500 mL over 15 minutes, renewable once, then administration of 1L over 1 hour.
In the absence of systolic arterial hypotension (SAP>90mmHg): administration of 1L over 1 hour.
Between 60 minutes and 8 hours of treatment :

1L over 2 hours, repeated once, then 1L over 4 hours
Adjust fluid resuscitation according to clinical tolerance
After the first 8 hours:

1L over 4h then 1L over 6h
Clinical re-evaluation according to standard of care in participating centers

Primary outcomes

Resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis

Time frame: at 24 hours
Compare fluid resuscitaiton with Ringer Lactate to isotonic saline on the resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis at 24 hours from admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Resolution of ketoacidosis allowing discharge from ICU, defined as the proportion of patients with the following three criteria at 24 hours from ICU admission :
- capillary or blood glucose < 11 mmol/L
- undetectable ketonemia or ketonuria
- venous or arterial pH > 7.35 or venous or arterial bicarbonate > 20 mmol/L

Secondary outcomes

Speed of resolution of metabolic disorders

Time frame: at 48 hours
Compare fluid resuscitation with Ringer Lactate and isotonic saline solution on the speed of resolution of metabolic disorders in patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Proportion of patients and number of hours ("Resolution free hours") within 48 hours of ICU admission with the following three criteria:
- capillary or blood glucose < 11 mmol/L
- undetectable ketonemia or ketonuria
- venous or arterial pH > 7.35 or venous or arterial bicarbonate > 20 mmol/L
Time of resolution of metabolic disorders

Time frame: at 48 hours
Compare fluid resuscitation with Ringer Lactate and isotonic saline solution on the speed of resolution of metabolic disorders in patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Time (in hours) from ICU admission to obtain one of the following three criteria:
- capillary or blood glucose < 11 mmol/L for at least 4 consecutive hours
- undetectable ketonemia or ketonuria
- venous or arterial pH > 7.35 or venous or arterial bicarbonate > 20 mmol/L
Assess the metabolic tolerance of Ringer Lactate compared to isotonic saline solution

Time frame: through the end of study average 24 months
Assess the metabolic tolerance of Ringer Lactate compared to isotonic saline solution in patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Occurrence of serious metabolic disorders during ICU stay, defined as :
- Kalemia < 3 mmol/L
- Natremia > 145 mmol/L
- Chloremia > 110 mmol/L
- Phosphoremia < 0.70 mmol/L
- Blood glucose < 3.8 mmol/L (i.e. 0.80 g/L)
- Persistent ketonemia/ketonuria 24 hours after ICU admission 2. Nature and volume (in liters) of fluid administered before inclusion and during the study period in each group 3. Protocol compliance (expressed as % of volume administered in each group)
Assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on renal, neurological and cardiac complications

Time frame: at 28 days
To assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on renal, neurological and cardiac complications during ICU stay and outcomes of patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Occurrence of adverse events during ICU stay, defined as :
- Neurological disorders (Glasgow score)
- Acute renal failure (KDIGO classification)
- Cardiac disorders (supraventricular and ventricular rhythm disorders, acute coronary syndrome) 2. ICU and hospital length of stay 3. ICU mortality and Day-28 mortality
Assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on cardiac complications

Time frame: at 28 days
To assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on cardiac complications during ICU stay and outcomes of patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Occurrence of adverse events during ICU stay, defined as :
- Cardiac disorders (supraventricular and ventricular rhythm disorders, acute coronary syndrome)
- ICU and hospital length of stay
- ICU mortality and Day-28 mortality
Assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on renal complications

Time frame: at 28 days

To assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on renal, complications during ICU stay and outcomes of patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Measure acute renal failure with KDIGO classification.

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification system stratifies acute kidney injury (AKI) into levels of severity, determined by changes in serum creatinine (SCr) / estimated creatinine clearance (eCCl), as well as changes in urine output. The strata of severity of AKI can be reached by meeting the criteria for changes in SCr / eCCl or changes in urine output. There are three levels of severity, with level 1 being the least severe and level 3 the most severe.

No cut-off for the study
Assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on neurological complications

Time frame: at 28 days

To assess the impact of Ringer lactate compared with isotonic saline on neurological complications during ICU stay and outcomes of patients admitted to ICU for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Measure Neurological disorders with Glasgow score. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to objectively describe the extent of impaired consciousness in all types of patients. The scale rates patients on three aspects of reactivity: eye opening, motor responses and verbal responses. It ranges from 3 (coma) to 15 (no disturbance of consciousness). No cut-off for the study.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Mathieu JOZWIAK, MD PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

+33492035510

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Comparison of Saline and Ringer Lactate in Patients With Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DRINK) : a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Acronym: DRINK

Important dates

Study start: 2025
Primary completion: 2027
Study completion: 2028
First posted: Aug 7, 2024
Registry last updated: May 26, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.