Female Sexual Function After Surgery for Benign Perianal Diseases

Female sexual function is a multidimensional concept influenced by physical, psychological, and social factors. Benign perianal diseases are common surgical conditions that may adversely affect sexual function through chronic pain, bleeding, discharge, prolapse, discomfort, embarrassment, and reduced quality of life.

Previous studies have demonstrated impaired sexual function among patients with anorectal disorders. Furthermore, improvement in male sexual function following surgical treatment of benign anorectal diseases has been reported. However, prospective data regarding female sexual function after surgical treatment of benign perianal diseases remain scarce.

This single-center prospective observational cohort study will be conducted at Gazi University Faculty of Medicine. Sexually active women aged 18 to 70 years undergoing surgery for chronic anal fissure, hemorrhoidal disease, or cryptoglandular anal fistula will be enrolled.

Participants will complete the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS/Wexner), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaires before surgery and at postoperative 3 and 6 months.

The primary outcome will be the change in total FSFI score from baseline to postoperative 6 months. Secondary outcomes will include changes in FSFI at 3 months, changes in CCIS and VAS scores, and subgroup analyses according to disease type and symptom severity.

The investigators hypothesize that successful surgical treatment of benign perianal diseases will result in significant improvement in female sexual function and that this improvement will correlate with reductions in pain and disease-related symptoms.

Inclusion criteria

• Female patients aged 18-70 years
• Sexually active during the previous 4 weeks
• Diagnosed with chronic anal fissure, hemorrhoidal disease, or cryptoglandular anal fistula
• Scheduled for surgical treatment according to routine clinical indications
• Able to understand and complete study questionnaires
• Willing to provide written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis)
• Pregnancy
• Postpartum period within the previous 12 months
• Pelvic organ prolapse
• Previous treatment for female sexual dysfunction
• Current antidepressant medication use
• Active psychiatric disorder
• Gynecological malignancy
• Previous pelvic radiotherapy
• Inability or unwillingness to complete study questionnaires
• Refusal to provide informed consent