Feeding the Rainbow to Investigate Endothelial Dysfunction

Inclusion criteria

• adults aged 18-65
• in good health by the absence of exclusion criteria on standardized medical history interview
• willingness to be randomized
• willingness to complete multiple blood draws following fast food consumption on two occasions over 28 days

Exclusion criteria

• children <18 years
• current use of carotenoid supplements (not including typical multivitamins containing beta-carotene)
• current use of polyphenol supplements including green tea, resveratrol, pine bark extract, cocoa, and/or grape skin extract
• current use of aspirin, statins or regular (>2 per week) use of NSAID medications
• current smoking or past smoking greater than 3 packs total or currently living with a smoker
• excessive alcohol intake (> 3 drinks per day) or history of alcoholism
• known exposure to asbestos
• autoimmune disease
• hemachromatosis
• history of gallbladder disease including gall stones or gall bladder removal
• pre-diabetes, metabolic syndrome or diabetes (1 or 2)
• established cardiovascular disease (arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension treatment or untreated stage II hypertension (≥160/90; stage II technically diastolic ≥100mmHg, will maintain diastolic cutoff of 90mmHg), past MI or stroke)
• renal or liver disease (viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis "fatty liver")
• acute infection except viral colds
• residual injury/pain/limitation from trauma
• chronic musculoskeletal disorders including osteoarthritis requiring pain medications
• psychiatric disorders that would impair completion of research tasks
• allergies to supplied foods
• anyone on a medically-prescribed diet
• >3.5 servings fruits/veggies per day
• inability to consume entire study Control meal w/in specified timeline (30 minutes)
• current pregnancy or breast feeding
• refusal to participate in blood draws following the control meal.