Febuxostat Effect on Chronic Kidney Disease Progression And Carotid Intima-Media Thickness

For all participants, comprehensive data collection was performed, encompassing detailed medical histories including patients' clinical and demographic characteristics (age, gender, BMI, associated comorbidities as HTN, and DM, etiology of CKD.) Laboratory investigations were conducted at baseline and after a three-month follow-up period. These investigations included: serum uric acid., creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus., albumin., magnesium, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL), urine protein to creatinine ratio. Radiological investigations: Carotid artery duplex (medial wall thickness) was also conducted at baseline and after a three-month follow-up period. Thickening of the artery wall is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification.

Inclusion criteria

• Age of 18 years or older
• CKD stages III to IV
• Asymptomatic hyper uricemia
• Stable dose of all medications including ACEIs or ARBs for blood pressure control at least three months before enrolling

Exclusion criteria

• Comprised active infections.
• Acute kidney injury.
• Active and advanced malignancy.
• History of hypersensitivity to febuxostat.
• Women who are taking oral contraceptives, pregnant or lactating
• Patients with established cardiovascular disease.
• Patients with liver disease.
• Patients receiving mercaptopurine, theophylline and azathioprine.
• Patients on steroids or other immunosuppressive treatment.