This study is a single-arm feasibility trial designed to evaluate the implementation, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a culturally adapted Compassionate Mindful Resilience (CMR) intervention among adolescents in Thailand. The study is conducted in a secondary school setting and targets students aged 16 to 18 years.
Adolescence is a critical developmental period associated with increased emotional vulnerability, academic pressure, and exposure to mental health risks. In Thailand, recent evidence indicates rising levels of stress, anxiety, and reduced psychological well-being among young people. School-based preventive interventions that strengthen internal coping skills are therefore a public health priority. While mindfulness-based interventions have demonstrated benefits in Western contexts, there is limited evidence regarding compassion-focused mindfulness programs that are culturally adapted for Thai adolescents.
The CMR intervention is a structured, manualized behavioral program that integrates mindfulness, self-compassion, and resilience-building skills. The program was originally developed by MindfulnessUK and subsequently adapted for the Thai adolescent context through a co-production process involving students, teachers, and school counselors. Cultural adaptations focused on language use, contextual relevance of examples, and alignment with the Thai educational environment, while maintaining fidelity to the core theoretical framework.
All participants enrolled in the study will receive the CMR intervention. The program consists of four weekly group sessions, each lasting approximately 90 minutes, delivered after school hours to minimize disruption to academic activities. Sessions include guided mindfulness practices, group discussions, and practical exercises aimed at increasing present-moment awareness, cultivating self-compassion, improving emotional regulation, and strengthening resilience. Home practice activities are encouraged between sessions to support skill integration into daily life.
The primary objective of the study is to assess feasibility. Feasibility outcomes include recruitment rate, retention rate, session attendance, intervention fidelity, and participant acceptability. These indicators will inform whether the intervention can be delivered as planned in a Thai school setting and whether progression to a larger-scale trial is justified.
Secondary objectives explore preliminary changes in mental health-related outcomes. These include mindfulness, self-compassion, resilience, and overall well-being, measured using validated Thai-language instruments before and after completion of the intervention. Although the study is not powered to test effectiveness, these data will provide estimates of variability and potential effect sizes to inform the design of a future randomized controlled trial.
Participant safety is addressed through a predefined distress protocol. A school counselor is available during all intervention sessions to provide immediate support if participants experience emotional distress. Ethical approval has been obtained from the relevant institutional ethics committee, and written assent from participants, along with parental or guardian consent, is required prior to enrollment.
Overall, this feasibility study will generate critical information on the practicality, acceptability, and preliminary impact of the Compassionate Mindful Resilience program for adolescents in Thailand. The findings will guide the development of a future definitive trial and contribute to the evidence base for culturally appropriate, school-based mental health promotion interventions in low- and middle-income settings.
