Feasibility of an Early Detection Program for Early Psychosis on a College Campus

Long duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with poor outcomes, including higher rates of suicide, hospitalization, and overall low functioning. More widespread use of effective strategies to decrease DUP are needed to address the substantial discrepancy between the actual (i.e., on average 2 years) and recommended time (i.e., 3 months) between the appearance of psychotic symptoms and the initiation of treatment. Early detection (ED) programs aim to decrease DUP by increasing case identification and removal of barriers to coordinated specialty care (CSC). The most studied components of ED programs include: (i) educational campaigns; ED response teams designed to optimize the referral processes to CSC; and to a lesser extent, screening among high-risk groups. While results of studies on individual ED components have been inconsistent, combinations of ED components have had more success in reducing DUP. For example, the Treatment and Intervention in Psychosis ED program, which included educational campaigns and ED teams, reported an average decrease in DUP from 1.5 years to 0.5 years pre-post implementation. The evidence on community-based ED programs is large and growing but very little is known about the effectiveness of ED services on college campuses in the United States. This gap in the literature is problematic because, with the first symptoms of psychosis being most likely to surface among college age young adults, college campuses are critical locations to identify and refer individuals to CSC who are at increased risk of first episode psychosis (FEP). The investigators aim to address this gap in the literature.

The long-term goal of this program of research is to improve clinical and functional outcomes among college students with early stages of psychosis by reducing DUP. The objective of the proposed study is to determine the feasibility of an ED program that aims to: (i) identify college students at CHR of psychosis or with FEP, and (ii) efficiently link them to CSC services for a 2nd stage screen and a clinical assessment among those determined eligible. Students will be referred to treatment based on the results of the assessment (the University of New Mexico Department of Psychiatry CSC program includes clinical services for both FEP and CHR).

The study will also determine pathways to care and perceived barriers to care among those students enrolled in Coordinated Specialty Care.

Inclusion criteria

• 15-30 year-old college students who present to the University of New Mexico (UNM) Early Program or the UNM CONNECT program for an intake,
• screen positive for clinical high risk on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) or first episode psychosis on the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV
• agree to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria

• below the age of 15 years old or above the age of 30,
• not UNM college students,
• screen negative for clinical high risk or first episode psychosis,
• refuse to participate in the study,
• cognitively unable to provide informed consent as demonstrated by a brief cognitive screen prior to completion of the enrollment interview