Family-Based Nutrition Intervention to Prevent Overweight and Obesity in School-Age Children.

The Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) will be administered. The responses will be scored and interpreted using standardized scales, yielding two main dimensions: overeating-related behaviors (where higher scores indicate increased risk of obesity) and undereating-related behaviors (where higher scores suggest risk of underweight or feeding difficulties). Each dimension is further divided into four subscales, allowing for a more detailed characterization of eating behavior patterns.

Measured in Kg/m2

Years lived reported by parents through medical records

Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ). The CFPQ evaluates parental feeding behaviors across two primary domains, each comprising six subscales. The first domain encompasses health-promoting feeding practices (e.g., modeling, monitoring), while the second includes negative or problematic feeding practices (e.g., use of food as a reward, restrictive practices). Higher scores in health-promoting practices are positively associated with healthier dietary patterns in children. In contrast, higher scores in negative practices are linked to an increased risk of pediatric obesity and disordered eating behaviors.

The total body weight (kg) observed in the intervention group versus the control group.

This questionnaire assesses children's average physical activity (expressed in MET-minutes per week) and sedentary time (in hours/day) across weekdays

Mean values of anthropometric measurements obtained using a stadiometer, expressed in centimeters.

Children's fat mass, as determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis, will be expressed as a percentage (%).

Children's fat-free mass, as determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis, will be expressed as a percentage (%).

Change in glucose concentration will be determined by measuring capillary blood glucose levels (mg/dL)

Changes in triacylglycerol concentration will be determined by measuring capillary blood triacylglycerol levels (mg/dL)

Changes in total cholesterol concentration will be determined by measuring capillary blood cholesterol levels (mg/dL).

Changes in HDL-cholesterol concentration will be determined by measuring capillary blood HDL-cholesterol levels (mg/dL).

Changes in LDL-cholesterol concentration will be determined by measuring capillary blood LDL-cholesterol levels.

The Short Parenting Practices Questionnaire is designed to identify and classify parenting styles based on two primary dimensions: warmth (affection) and control (discipline).

In its abbreviated version, the questionnaire asks parents/caregivers to report on items that explore:

Authoritative practices: characterized by high warmth and high control, reflected in behaviors such as providing explanations, setting clear rules, showing affection, and promoting autonomy within appropriate limits.

Authoritarian practices: characterized by low warmth and high control, reflected in behaviors such as rigid discipline, imposing rules without dialogue, and lower expression of affection.

In general, the questionnaire requires self-reported responses regarding the frequency with which parents engage in specific behaviors or strategies in everyday life. These responses are then grouped into the two empirically validated categories.

Using data collected from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24-hour dietary recall will be evaluated for dietary patterns

Change in Z-score scale:

• - BMI for age: ≤-3SD is equivalent to severe thinness, ≤-2 is equivalent to thinness, ≥+2 is equivalent to obesity and ≥+1 is equivalent to overweight
• - Height for age: ≥ -1 is equivalent to normal, ≥-2 to ≤ -1 is equivalent to moderately stunted and ≤ -2 is equivalent to severely stunted