Factors for Prolonged Hospital Stays in Patients Undergoing ERCP

A binary outcome defined as a postoperative length of stay > 5 days. It is calculated as the duration from the completion of the ERCP procedure to the date of formal hospital discharge.

Adverse events include ERCP-related or non ERCP-related adverse events

Total length of stay (TLOS), defined as the total duration in days from the date of hospital admission to the date of hospital discharge.

The number of days from the day of the ERCP procedure to hospital discharge

a new or aggravated upper abdominal pain, with an elevated pancreatic enzyme of at least 3 times as the upper limit of normal value 24h after procedure and prolonged hospitalization days for at least 2 days. This definition was based on a widely recognized Cotton consensus.

Bleeding was established according to Cotton criteria. Mild: a documented decrease in hemoglobin concentration by <3 g/L, without requiring the blood transfusion; Moderate: blood transfusion ≤ 4 units; without need for angiographic or surgery interventions ;Severe: Transfusion: ≥ 5 units or requiring for angiographic or surgery interventions.

Perforation was established according to Cotton criteria.Mild: slight leakage of fluid or contrast dye, manageable through fluid administration and suction therapy 3 days; Moderate: definite perforation required to be managed for 4-10 days; Severe: management for more than 10 days or requiring for percutaneous or surgical intervention.

Infection was established according to Cotton criteria.Mild: temperature >38℃ for 24-48h; Moderate: Febrile illness requiring >3 days of hospital treatment; endoscopic or percutaneous interventions; Severe: septic shock or requiring surgery.

The sum of all medical expenses incurred during the entire hospitalization, denominated in Chinese Yuan (CNY). This includes costs for medication, laboratory and imaging tests, treatments, procedures, surgical operations, medical supplies, and bed occupancy.