Facilitating COVID-19 Test for Korean Americans Through Korean Schools in Northern California

Lay Health Educators (LHEs) Korean Schools in Northern California will be classified into two strata by geographic location (urban, suburban/rural). Collaborating with the KSNC, our research team will recruit about 12 schools (6 urban and 6 suburban/rural). Within each stratum, schools will be randomly assigned in a 1-to-1 ratio to either the LHE-plus-instruction condition (LHE condition) or the instruction-only condition (control condition). Participating schools will recruit two teachers as LHEs (LHE condition only), ii) announce the proposed study to enrolled students' parents, iii) recruit KAs from the school and/or community, and iv) distribute at-home antigen test kits to participants. Research staff will contact potential LHEs to conduct a brief telephone screening to find out their eligibility. If they meet the eligibility and provide an informed consent form via DocuSign, they will be invited to attend two training sessions (6 hours, orientation and intervention delivery) over Zoom. During the training sessions, our research team will provide LHEs Orientation Training Manual, which contains background information, project objectives, project description, lay health educator's responsibilities/activities, compensation/assistance, RCT participant's responsibilities/rights/activities, frequently asked questions, and handling challenging situations. LHEs will also receive the instruction to contact the research team if they do not know how to address the problems. The research team will ask LHEs to respect the privacy of others by keeping confidential any information they learn about others during meetings and calls.

RCT participants All individuals recruited by the schools will receive an email from the research team that includes the consent information of the study and a link to the online baseline survey. They may choose to participate by themselves (individually) or participate with a family member who meets the eligibility criteria to participate together. Each school will recruit about 25 individuals. Those who complete the baseline survey will be assigned to LHE condition or control condition, depending on the group assignment of schools where they are recruited. Within the two weeks after each participant completes the baseline survey, a COVID-19 antigen test kit, which FDA authorizes under a EUA, will be provided to each participant. LHE participants will receive 1) LHE outreach/support (2 small group educational sessions via Zoom and 2 individual follow-up calls), 2) short video clips via email on the project overview and the guide to using a test kit (created by the research team in Korean and English), and 3) test kits with written instructions on COVID-19 testing by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in English and Korean. LHE outreach small group educational session is about 1 hour with 2 to 6 people. LHE will present COVID-19 testing and related information (including vaccination and safety practices). Participants in a dyad (self-selected participation mode) will attend the educational sessions together. At these educational sessions, LHE will provide education using PowerPoint presentations with easy-to-understand messages using culturally appropriate images and simple texts to present current information on 1) COVID-19 testing; 2) relevance or reasons for getting tested; 3) the current guidelines for testing/ who should be tested; 4) types of tests available (e.g., PCR, antigens, and antibodies tests in forms of nose swap and saliva tests); 5) understanding test results (positive versus negative) and the limitation of such tests (false negative); 6) the importance of repeated testing, discussing and addressing barriers for testing. LHE may assist in helping the participant use a COVID-19 at-home antigen test kit, including demonstrating the use of the test kit. Participants will be assessed via online survey or by telephone of their choice at baseline, weeks 4 and 8. Participants will receive up to $70 gift cards for completing all the surveys: $20 for baseline, $20 for week 4, and $30 for week 8. Control participants will receive the same components of the LHE condition except for LHE outreach/support. All control participants will be assessed at the same schedule: baseline, weeks 4 and 8. They will receive the same incentives ($70 gift cards for completing all assessments).

Inclusion criteria

For Lay Health Educators (LHE), inclusion criteria are:

• age 18 and older;
• self-identify as Korean or Korean American;
• fluent in spoken and written Korean; and
• live in communities where participating schools are located.

For RCT participants, inclusion criteria are:

• age 18 and older;
• self-identify as Korean or Korean American;
• read and speak English or Korean;
• live in communities where participating schools are located; and
• have access to a phone to receive follow-up calls from LHEs.

Exclusion criteria

• Participating as community advisory group member for the study