Expressive Arts-based Intervention for Adults With Age-related Visual Impairment

Administration of the Chinese translated version of the 38-item Psychosocial Adaptation Questionnaire:

• The first factor was attitude, involving 10 items. The second factor was self-acceptance, involving six items. The third factor was self-esteem involving six items. The fourth factor was anxiety/depression, involving six items. The fifth factor was belonging, involving five items. The sixth factor was self-efficacy involving three items. The last factor was the sense of self-control, involving two items.
• Higher scores indicate a higher level of endorsement in a specific domain.
• Likert's scale with four points was used to quantify results. The four points included completely incorrect, more correct, most correct, and completely correct. The score for positive items was one point, two points, three points, and four points; negative items were scored oppositely.
• Q14, Q17, Q19, Q20, Q21, Q22, Q29, Q30, Q31, and Q32 are reversed (positive) items.

Administration of the Chinese translated version of the 13-item Vision-related Quality of Life Scale:

• Vision-specific quality of life is measured by the 13-item Vision-Related Quality of Life Scale taken from 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire.
• Social functioning of Vision-specific quality of life is Q11 and Q13 respectively.
• Mental health of Vision-specific quality of life is Q3, Q25, Q21, and Q22 respectively.
• Role limitation of Vision-specific quality of life is Q17 and Q18 respectively.
• Dependency of Vision-specific quality of life is Q20, Q23, and Q24 respectively.
• Ocular pain of Vision-specific quality of life is Q4 and Q19 respectively.
• Original numeric values from the survey are re-coded following the scoring rules. All items are scored so that a high score represents better functioning. Each item is then converted to a 0 to 1

Administration of the Chinese translated version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

• This scale is adopted to measure the level of Anxiety.
• The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 21.
• Scores ranging from "0-7" represents "Normal", ranging from "8-10" represents "Borderline abnormal", and ranging from "11-21" represents "Abnormal".

Administration of the Chinese translated version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

• This scale is adopted to measure the level of Depression.
• The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 21.
• Scores ranging from "0-7" represents "Normal", ranging from "8-10" represents "Borderline abnormal", and ranging from "11-21" represents "Abnormal".

Administration of the Chinese translated version of the self-report Resilience Scale-14.

• The brief "RS-14 scale consists of 14 self-report items measured along a 7-point rating scale ranging from '1-strongly disagree' to '7-strongly agree.'
• Higher scores are indicative of resilience level.
• Scores are calculated by a summation of response values for each item, thus enabling scores to range from 14 to 98.
• Scores below 65 indicate low resilience; between 65 and 81 show moderate resilience; above 81 will be interpreted as high levels of resilience.

Administration of the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support

• This scale has adopted the measure the level of perceived social support from family, friends, or significant other.
• The mean score of perceived social support from "family" is calculated by summing across Q3, Q4, Q8, and Q11, then divide by 4 values.
• The mean score of perceived social support from "friends" is calculated by summing across Q6, Q7, Q9, and Q12, then divide by 4 values.
• The mean score of perceived social support from "significant other" is calculated by summing across Q1, Q2, Q5, and Q10, then divide by 4 values.
• The mean total score is calculated by summing across all 12 items, then divide by 12 values.
• The minimum mean score of each sub-score and the total score is 1 and the maximum mean score is 7.

Administration of the Chinese translated version of the Self-Descriptive Imagination questionnaire.

• The Self-Descriptive Imagination Questionnaire consists of 25 items. Expressive imagination is Q4, Q5, Q12, Q7, and Q13 respectively. Openness to variations is Q16, Q19, Q17, and Q23 respectively. Instrumental imagination is Q8, Q11, and Q10 respectively. Past/future mindedness is Q2, and Q1 respectively. Conventionality is Q24 and Q25 respectively.
• The questionnaires measured along a 7-point rating scale ranging from '1- strongly disagree' to '7-strongly agree.' Scores are calculated by a summation of response values for each item, Higher scores are indicative of imagination level.

Administration of the Chinese translated version of the Fantastic Reality Ability Measurement.

• The Fantastic Reality Ability Measurement consists of 21 items. Coping is Q4, Q8, Q15, and Q20 respectively. Transcendence is Q17, Q10, Q21, Q12, Q18, and Q7 respectively. Playfulness is Q5, Q6, Q9, Q14, Q19, and Q2 respectively. Control is Q11, Q13, Q3, Q16, and Q1 respectively.
• The questionnaires measured along a 7-point rating scale ranging from '1- strongly disagree' to '7-strongly agree.' Scores are calculated by a summation of response values for each item, Higher scores are indicative of imagination level.