Explore the Effect of Diet Intervention on Lipid Metabolism and Body Mass Index Among the Patients With Metabolic Syndrome

Inclusion criteria

• Diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (i.e., more than 3 abnormal findings out of 5):

• Waist circumference ≥ 90 cm (men) or ≥ 80 cm (women).
• Elevated TG (use of medications for elevated TG is an alternate indicator) ≥ 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L).
• Reduced HDL-c (use of medications for reduced HDL-c is an alternate indicator) < 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) in males < 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in females.
• Elevated blood pressure (use of hypoglycemic medications is an alternate indicator). SBP ≥ 130 and/or DBP ≥ 85 mmHg.
• Elevated FBG (used of hypoglycemic medications is an alternate indicator) ≥ 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L).
• Age from 18 to 65 years.
• Stable weight (change ≤ 10% current body weight) for 3 months prior to the study.
• If participates were on hypoglycemic medications, hypotensive medications, lipid-lowering medications and cardiovascular medications, dose adjustment was not permitted during the 3-month intervention.

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnant or breast-feeding.
• Night shift workers.
• History of major diseases or related diseases, such as inflammatory disease, rheumatologic disease, adrenal disease, malignancy, type 1 diabetes, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, eating disorder, uncontrolled psychiatric disorder and major adverse cardiovascular event.
• Current participate in other weight-management program, current on a prescribed diet for special disease or current on any drugs that effect appetite.
• History of weight-loss surgery.