Expert Consensus on Photoprotection Practices: A Delphi Study

This study is a non-interventional, methodological Delphi consensus project designed to develop standardized recommendations for photoprotection practices. Photoprotection encompasses strategies to minimize ultraviolet (UV)-related skin damage, including sunscreen use, clothing, behavioral measures, and patient education. Despite broad awareness campaigns, inconsistencies exist regarding SPF selection, application methods, timing, reapplication frequency, and the use of additional protective measures.

A steering committee of dermatologists and photoprotection experts will conduct a literature review and draft initial statements addressing key domains:

Sunscreen use: SPF level, spectrum coverage (UVA/UVB), formulation (chemical vs. physical), water resistance.

Application guidelines: Amount, timing before sun exposure, reapplication frequency, body coverage.

Adjunctive measures: Protective clothing, hats, sunglasses, shade-seeking behavior.

Special populations: Children, pregnant women, outdoor workers, patients with photosensitive dermatoses.

Behavioral counseling: Education strategies, adherence promotion, and misconceptions.

Integration with skin care and aesthetic practices.

A panel of experts in dermatology, photobiology, and related fields will participate in multiple Delphi rounds. Panelists will rate agreement with each statement using a Likert scale. Anonymized feedback will be provided after each round, and statements not reaching a predefined consensus threshold (e.g., ≥70-80%) will be revised and re-evaluated in subsequent rounds.

The final output will consist of consensus-based recommendations reflecting practical, safe, and evidence-informed photoprotection practices. Areas of disagreement or uncertainty will also be highlighted, identifying research gaps and priorities for future studies.

Inclusion criteria

Board-certified dermatologists, photobiologists, or clinicians/researchers with ≥5 years of relevant experience.

Regular involvement in advising on photoprotection, skin cancer prevention, or UV-related dermatology.

Engagement in research, guideline development, teaching, or professional society activities related to dermatology, photobiology, or public health.

Willingness and availability to participate in all Delphi rounds.

Exclusion criteria

• Non-dermatology or non-photobiology specialists without relevant experience.

Less than 5 years of relevant clinical or research experience.

Limited or no experience with photoprotection counseling or research.

Significant undisclosed conflict of interest related to sunscreen or photoprotection products.

Inability or unwillingness to participate in all Delphi rounds.