Expectant Moms Managing Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

Therapist and participant report of intervention acceptability will be assessed using the 4-item Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), rated from rated from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree).

Therapist and participant report of intervention feasibility will be assessed using the 4-item Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM), rated from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree).

Therapist and participant report of intervention appropriateness will be assessed using the 4-item Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM), rated from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree).

Number and severity of ADHD symptoms will be self-reported using the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV (BAARS-IV). Number and severity of ADHD symptoms will be self-reported using the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV (BARRS-IV). Total score (range 18-72) and number of symptoms (0-18) will be determined by summing the Inattention (total score: range 9-36; number of symptoms: range 0-9), Hyperactivity (total score: range 5-20; number of symptoms: range 0-5), and Impulsivity (total score: range 4-16; number of symptoms: range 0-4) subscales. On all scales, higher scores indicate greater ADHD symptoms.

Impairment in family functioning and self-concept will be assessed on two subscales of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS-S). Impairment in family functioning and self-concept will be assessed on two subscales of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS-S). For each scale, mean impairment (range 0-3) and a total impairment score (Family subscale: range 0-24; Self-Concept subscale: range 0-15) will be calculated. Any subscale with at least 2 items scored a 2 or 3, one item scored 3, or a mean score of >1.5 is considered impaired.

Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and distress will be assessed using self-report on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and distress will be assessed using self-report on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The PHQ-9 (total score range 0-27) measures depression, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms. The GAD-7 (total score range 0-21) measures anxiety, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety symptoms. The PSS (total score range 0-40) measures perceived stress, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress.

Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) is a 19-item self-report questionnaire, and measures Mother to Baby Attachment during pregnancy. Questions explore maternal interest in and preoccupation with pregnancy, as well as the respondent's emotions towards the growing infant. Similar to the MPAS, each item is equally weighted and has five answer choices, with total scores ranging from 19-95.

Using the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale, a 15-item self-report scale rated from 1 (Very much like your own home) to 4 (Not at all like your own home). Total scores range from 15-60, with higher scores indicating more chaotic homes.

Infant behavior (temperament and sleep) will be reported by mothers on the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form (IBQ-R-SF) and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ).

Parent affect, warmth, responsiveness, engagement, sensitivity, indifference, intrusiveness, and infant affect, engagement, attentiveness will be rated using the Global Ratings of Mother-Infant Interaction.

Participant will self-report on executive function using the Barkley Deficits in Executive Function Scale (BDEFS). Items are rated from 1 (Never or rarely) to 4 (Very often). Executive Functioning will be assessed as a Target Mechanism. These data will be used in exploratory analyses to determine change from baseline to post-intervention, and whether this change is related to change in clinical outcome measures.

Participant will self-report on executive function using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Short Form (DERS-SF). Items are rated from 1 (Almost never, 0-10%) to 5 (Almost always, 91-100%). Emotion Regulation will be assessed as a Target Mechanism. These data will be used in exploratory analyses to determine change from baseline to post-intervention, and whether this change is related to change in clinical outcome measures.