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NCT Number: NCT07341243

Exercising in Hot Conditions: How Does it Effect Blood Glucose in People With T1D

A randomised, crossover, counterbalanced repeated measures study will be conducted to examine the effect of acute heat exposure on rate of change in blood glucose concentration during 40 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise and for 30 minutes after exercise. Participants will complete two experimental conditions during two separate laboratory visits, with the order of conditions randomised. One condition will be a temperate condition of 20°C with 50% relative humidity (Temperate), the other will be 40°C with 50% relative humidity (Heat). Visits will be identical, including time of day, except for the condition. Visits will be separated by 24h. Testing will take place in the laboratories of the Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences at Liverpool John Moores University.

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Key information

Conditions

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Autoimmune Diseases Behavior Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Endocrine System Diseases Glucose Metabolism Disorders Immune System Diseases Metabolic Diseases Motor Activity Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Age range

18 year–65 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Liverpool John Moores University

Liverpool, L33AF, United Kingdom

Location status: Recruiting

Location contact

Matthew Cocks, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

4407540191292

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • T1D diagnosis more than 1 years ago (to ensure participants are out of the honeymoon period)
  • Using insulin therapy with multiple daily injections (MDI), insulin pump (pump), or hybrid closed-loop (HCL)

o If using a HCL system have experience of using a pre-programmed basal rate in manual mode during exercise

  • Aged 18-65 years
  • Regularly engaged in endurance exercise (training at least twice per week for ≥30 minutes per session)

Exclusion criteria

  • Pregnancy
  • <6 months postpartum or stopped breastfeeding <1 month before recruitment
  • Existing cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease
  • Significant history of hyperglycaemia (HbA1c >85 mmol/mol)
  • History of severe hypoglycaemia requiring third party assistance within the last 3 months
  • Body weight <36.5kg
  • Difficulty swallowing tablets
  • Appointment for an MRI test that cannot be rescheduled
  • Obstructive gastrointestinal disease
  • History of gastrointestinal surgery
  • Have an implanted medical device

Treatment and study plan

Exercise

Behavioral

exercise in the heat or temperate conditions

Primary outcomes

  1. blood glucose

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

    change in blood glucose concentration

Secondary outcomes

  1. Core temperature

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

    change in core temperature

  2. Skin temperature

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

    change in skin temperature

  3. Free fatty acids

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

    change free fatty acid concentration

  4. insulin

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

    Change in insulin concentration

  5. glucagon

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

    change in glucagon concentration

  6. epinephrine

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

    change in epinephrine concentration

  7. norepinephrine

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

    change in norepinephrine concentration

  8. cortisol

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

    change in cortisol concentration

  9. Growth hormone

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

    change in Growth hormone concentration

  10. lactate

    Time frame: Baseline pre exercise to end of exercise (40 minutes)

    change in lactate concentration

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Matthew Cocks, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

447540191292

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Liverpool John Moores University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Acute Heat Exposure on Glucose Use During Moderate-intensity Exercise in People With Type 1 Diabetes

Acronym: T1D-Heat

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Jan 14, 2026
Registry last updated
Jan 14, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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