Exercise to Enhance Smoking Cessation for Women at the YMCA

We propose a randomized controlled clinical trial to take place in the YMCA setting and to be delivered by YMCA staff. The trial will compare CBT smoking cessation treatment plus a program of regular exercise (CBT + EXERCISE) to CBT smoking cessation treatment plus an equal staff contact control (CBT + CONTACT). In order to promote transportability to the YMCA, the exercise program will be the YMCA's existing Personal Fitness Program, which like our CTQ exercise program, is guided by trained staff and requires participants to exercise at least 3 times per week.

If CBT + EXERCISE is found to be more efficacious than CBT + CONTACT when delivered at the YMCA by YMCA staff, then we will be well positioned to partner with the YMCA's initiative of Y Total Health to pursue widespread, national dissemination of this program. The proposed testing of the efficacy of the CTQ program in the YMCA setting is a necessary intermediate step in the eventual dissemination of the CTQ program.

Primary Aim. To determine the efficacy of CBT + EXERCISE compared with CBT + CONTACT when delivered in the YMCAs by YMCA staff to enhance the achievement and maintenance (3, 6, and 12 months follow-up) of smoking cessation (continuous abstinence) among healthy adult female smokers.

Hypothesis. Participants in the CBT + EXERCISE condition will have significantly greater continuous abstinence rates than those in the CBT + CONTACT condition at end-of-treatment, 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up.

Additional Questions of Interest.

• To perform process-to-outcome analyses on the intermediate variables which influence the achievement and maintenance of smoking cessation among healthy female smokers. Specifically, to determine if exercise affects weight and/or weight concerns, negative affect associated with nicotine withdrawal, and/or self-efficacy and to determine if these hypothesized mediators affect the achievement and maintenance of smoking cessation.

To explore potential moderators of the treatment, such as baseline demographic and psychological characteristics (e.g., age, baseline mood) on smoking cessation outcomes.

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy female smokers
• ages 18 - 65
• Read and write English
• Regularly smoke 5 or more cigarettes a day
• Sedentary, or not exercising greater than 20 minutes of vigorous exercise more than once a week or greater than 30 minutes of moderate exercise 2 times per week.

Exclusion criteria

• known history of cardiovascular
• pulmonary or metabolic disease such as coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, and diabetes
• Any musculoskeletal problems that would limit exercise training such as knee or hip osteoarthritis or any other serious medical condition that might make exercise unsafe or unwise.
• The current use of smokeless tobacco, nicotine replacement therapy or other smoking cessation treatment, and currently using prescription medication that might impair exercise performance or tolerance, specifically beta-blockers or medications used for the treatment of hypertension
• Pregnant or planning to become pregnant within the next 12 months.
• Women hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder
• Receiving treatment for bipolar disorder or schizophrenia
• Current alcohol abuse or psychological problems when quitting in the past that required treatment