Examining The Effect of Chronotype Differences on Sleep Quality and Pregnancy Symptoms in Pregnant Women

Primary outcomes

1. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ)

   Time frame: 5 minutes

   It was used to measure the preference for a certain chronotype. This validated questionnaire evaluates individual differences in the degree to which respondents are aware and active at different times of the day. It has 19 items on sleep patterns and exhaustion. The responses to the scale items indicate preferences for waking and sleeping hours as well as the subjective "peak" times when respondents feel most refreshed. People were categorized as morningness chronotype (>65), intermediate chronotype (53-64), or eveningness chronotype (score of <52). The reliability of MEQ was 0.77 and the test alpha was equal to 0.78 (20).

2. The Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE)

   Time frame: 5 minutes

   The PUQE is a scoring system for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, which consists of three items. The original PUQE entailed rating the daily number of vomiting episodes, the length of nausea in hours per day, and the number of retching episodes per 12 hours. Its validation was confirmed a total score of 3-6 is considered mild nausea and vomiting, a total score of 7-12 is considered moderate nausea and vomiting, and a total score of 13-15 is considered severe nausea and vomiting

3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing (OGTT)

   Time frame: 15 minutes

   Pregnant women undergo a 75 g OGTT test between 24 and 28 weeks of . A plasma fasting blood glucose>126 mg/dL in a pregnant woman is considered overt diabetes (after confirmation) even if there is no prior history of diabetes. The OGTT test involves measurement of plasma glucose levels after an overnight fast (8 h), followed by oral consumption of 75 g glucose, and plasma glucose measurement at one and two hours. Gestational diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose value>92 mg/dL or a one-hour plasma glucose value>180 mg/dL or a two-hour plasma glucose value>153 mg/dl.

4. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

   Time frame: 10 minutes

   It is evaluation of the sleep quality. There are 24 questions in all, 18 of which are used to determine the score. Subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disruptions, usage of sleeping pills, and dysfunction throughout the day are its seven constituent parts. The PSQI score is determined by assigning a point value between 0 and 3. A cumulative score of more than five indicates that the quality of sleep was inadequate. The score goes from 0 to 21.