Evaluation of the Safety and Effectiveness of Pringle Method Combined With IVC Flow Limiting and Blocking Method in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy Based on Non-restrictive Fluid Therapy Strategy

Overall design Research hypothesis: Based on the non-restrictive fluid management strategy (intraoperative fluid rehydration according to physiological requirements and expected loss, no or less use of vasoactive drugs during the operation) combined with Pringle method and IVC flow restriction blocking method, the method of blocking hepatic blood flow was applied to effectively control intraoperative bleeding. Reduce the degree of intraoperative anesthesiologist dependence, improve the intraoperative compatibility between surgeons and anesthesiologists, and optimize the traditional CLVCP process, so as to achieve the goal of accurate maintenance of patients' organs in functional surgery and more rapid and widespread promotion of laparoscopic liver resection technology.

Type of study: A prospective randomized controlled study will be used in this study 5.2 Research and design process 5.2.1 Study the specific implementation process A total of 220 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic partial hepatectomy were selected from our hospital. All patients and their families knowingly and voluntarily signed informed consent before enrollment. On the basis of randomization and inclusion and exclusion criteria, the patients were divided into group A (110 cases) (Pringle method + restricted fluid management + use of vasoactive drugs by anesthesiologists) and group B (110 cases) (Pringle method +IVC flow restriction blocking + open fluid intake during the operation, and no/less use of vasoactive drugs during the operation). Intraoperative and postoperative related indexes were compared between the two groups, such as; CVP value, duration, fluctuation range, length of operation, time of liver amputation, total blood loss, amount of liver amputation, amount of blood transfusion, amount of liquid perfusion, three blood gas analysis during the operation, blood glucose, and dosage of vasoactive drugs. 3 days after operation: albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-GT, total bilirubin, renal function, lactic acid and other related indexes. Postoperative hospital stay (d), tracheal intubation and extubation time (d), surgical cost (ten thousand yuan), abdominal effusion, pulmonary infection, postoperative flatulence time (d), postoperative exhaust time (d), incision infection, intestinal obstruction. To comprehensively evaluate the safety and efficacy of Pringle method and IVC flow limiting blockade in the implementation of non-restrictive fluid intake strategies.

Ways to reduce bias

• Complete random grouping: This study adopts the complete random grouping method; Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were assigned to group A and Group B in a 1:1 ratio with 110 cases in each group by random number table method. The results are hidden in an opaque sealed envelope, which is then stored by the clinical study designer (i.e., a random code sheet). The researcher opened the envelope on the morning of the operation to obtain the group of patients and informed the operating physician and anesthesiologist to intervene accordingly according to the study protocol.
• Baseline control of patients Group A (Pringle method + restricted fluid management + use of vasoactive drugs by anesthesiologists) : The means of use and anesthetic drugs in this group were all conventional technical means without special intervention, so it was the control group.

Group B (Pringle method +IVC flow limiting and blocking method + open fluid intake during operation; Observation group: Patients in this group did not use anesthesia related drugs to control CVP, so they should strictly communicate with the anesthesiologist, and achieve homogeneity in the use of vasoactive drugs and narcotic drugs.

In order to reduce the deviation: 1. During the implementation of the subject, the group concealization was strictly implemented, and the designer informed the operating physician and anesthesiologist of the patient intervention plan one day before the operation.

• Fluid intake 12 hours before surgery for all enrolled patients was strictly regulated according to preoperative ERAS.

• All enrolled patients were strictly defined for the use of vasoactive drugs during the operation to reduce the deviation of statistical results caused by the use of different vascular drugs 4. All enrolled patients were performed by the same surgeon and anesthesiologist 5.4 Definition of the end of the study (e.g., the last study subject completes the last follow-up) The end of the study was defined when all enrolled patients completed surgery and the last patient completed follow-up 5.5 Statistical Analysis 5.5.1 Sample size and calculation basis Clinical data of patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital meeting the above inclusion criteria were collected. Intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative CVP control were used as the main observation indexes.

In this study, intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative CVP were respectively used to calculate the minimum sample size. According to previous observations, the mean difference of intraoperative blood loss between the two groups was about 28ml, the common standard deviation was conservatively estimated to be 55ml, the mean difference of intraoperative CVP between the two groups was about 2cmH2O, and the common standard deviation was conservatively estimated to be 1.5cmH2O. The Class I error α and class II error β of hypothesis test were set as 0.05, and the number of subjects in the two groups was 1:1. The PASS15.0 software was used for calculation, and the sample size of intraoperative blood loss was obtained as n=83 persons in each group, and the sample size of intraoperative CVP was obtained as n=13 persons in each group, and the larger value was adopted, that is, the sample size was 83 persons in each group. Assuming a 20% loss rate, the final sample size is 104 people per group, for a total of 208 people.

Inclusion criteria

• Preoperative Child-Pugh classification of liver function Grade A and grade B;
• No contraindications for laparoscopic hepatectomy;
• Liver diseases include: primary liver cancer, hepatic hemangioma, intrahepatic bile duct calculus, intrahepatic bile duct cell carcinoma, etc.
• Patients voluntarily participate and sign informed consent;
• According to the Ban difficulty scoring system of laparoscopic hepatectomy, patients with difficulty score of 5 or more were included; Neoplasms near the hepatic portal; Extensive hepatectomy (3 hepatic segments). Patients aged 18-70 years (including 18-70 years)

Exclusion criteria

• Poor liver reserve function, ICG retention rate > 15%;
• severe heart and lung diseases, unable to tolerate general anesthesia surgery;
• Previous history of liver surgery;
• More than medium amount of chest and abdominal fluid with clinical symptoms:
• hepatic encephalopathy;
• having a history of psychotropic drug abuse, unable to quit or having a history of mental disorders;
• Patients who have received solid organ transplantation or bone marrow transplantation, or within 2 years before surgery
• An active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment has occurred;
• There is an immune deficiency disease or HIV infection;
• Those who were not considered suitable for inclusion by the researchers.
• Progression of the disease or toxic side effects or serious adverse events that the subjects could not tolerate before surgery after treatment;
• Poor patient compliance, non-cooperation, concealment, false reporting and other phenomena: others
• Cases where the principal investigator determines that the research protocol is seriously violated.