Evaluation of the Impact of a Patient Education Protocol on the Quality of 18F-FDG PET Imaging Indicated for Investigation of Cardiac Inflammation

18F-FDG (18Fluor-FluoroDesoxyGlucose) PET (Positron Emission Tomography) is indicated for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis or cardiac sarcoidosis. Detection of cardiac inflammation requires suppression of physiological glucose (FDG) uptake in the myocardium. To achieve this, patient preparation (ketogenic diet and fasting) is essential. Failure rates vary from center to center. Poor preparation can compromise interpretation, causing diagnostic delay, additional exposure to ionizing radiation and cost. Interpretation of the examination requires suppressing FDG uptake in the myocardium in order to identify FDG uptake in activated inflammatory cells. With this study, the investigators hope to demonstrate that an intervention upstream of the examination will increase the success rate of the 18F-FDG PET examination indicated for cardiac sarcoidosis or infective endocarditis. This will make it possible to avoid reprogramming the examination in the event of failure, and thus limit the patient's additional exposure to ionizing radiation (radiation protection), and avoid a loss of chance for the patient as well as additional costs for health insurance.

Main objective: To evaluate the benefit of implementing a patient education protocol prior to myocardial 18F-FDG PET on the removal of residual myocardial fixation compared with the usual procedure of sending instructions.

Primary endpoint: Success rate of suppression of residual myocardial FDG uptake. Success criteria according to 4 grades. Grade 1 (no residual FDG fixation), grade 2 (moderate FDG fixation in basal LV segments), grade 3 (residual FDG fixation interfering with interpretation) or grade 4 (diffuse and intense FDG fixation). Grades 1 and 2 define success.

Secondary objectives: By comparing the control group (usual procedure) with the intervention group (new procedure):

A - Evaluate the value of determining ketone bodies in capillary blood before the 18F-FDG PET examination indicated for infectious endocarditis or cardiac sarcoidosis, to predict its success.

B - Evaluate whether the patient education protocol leads to greater compliance with dietary instructions prior to the 18F-FDG PET scan.

C - Investigate whether certain drug excipients are likely to influence the results of the 18F-FDG PET scan, by retrieving the list of drugs taken by the patient 24 hours prior to the scan. Indeed, some excipients may contain fast sugars and this could, perhaps, independently of compliance with dietary instructions, lead to failure of the 18F-FDG PET scan.

Secondary endpoints:

A - Measurement of ketone bodies (BHB) on a capillary blood sample taken just before the examination.

B - Use of a questionnaire (cf. appendix 2) drawn up and distributed by the radio handlers to the patient on arrival in the department on the day of the examination.

C - Collection of medications taken by the patient in the 24 hours preceding the examination.

Inclusion criteria

• Presence of a prescription validated by the nuclear medicine department for an 18F-FDG PET scan for the detection of inflammation of cardiac inflammation or infection
• Age greater than or equal to 18
• Membership of a social security scheme or equivalent
• Patients with an e-mail address
• Patients who understand French
• Collection of patient consent

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnancy or breast-feeding
• Patients (inpatients or outpatients) already on a diet (including ketogenic)
• Patients who do not understand protocol
• Patients deprived of liberty by judicial or administrative decision
• Patients under legal protection (guardianship/trusteeship)
• Patients under court protection