Evaluation of the Efficacy of Addition of Progesterone to Standard Chemotherapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC)

As no effective second-line therapies are available for patients with disease progression to EDPM, including modern molecular target therapies and immunotherapy, it is reasonable to expect that no newer drugs or combination regimens will be able to replace EDPM in the next 5 years. Since EDP-M is destined to remain the standard first line therapy, research strategies aimed to improve the efficacy of this regimen are of relevance. In this study, investigators will address the hypotheses that progesterone has a synergistic and/or additive effect to EDP-M in inducing cytotoxicity in ACC cells in vitro and the antineoplastic activity of EDP-M in locally advanced/metastatic ACC patients could be improved by the addition of megestrol acetate.

Inclusion criteria

• Histologically confirmed diagnosis of ACC
• Locally advanced or metastatic disease not amenable to radical surgery resection
• ECOG performance status 0-2
• Effective contraception
• Life expectancy > 3 months
• Age > 18 years
• Adequate bone marrow reserve (neutrophils >1,000/mm3 and/or platelets >80,000/mm3) and organ function (including renal, liver and cardiac function)
• Be able to comply with the protocol procedures and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• History of recent or active prior malignancy, except for cured non-melanoma skin cancer, cured in situ cervical carcinoma, breast ductal carcinoma in situ, or other treated malignancies where there has been no evidence of disease for at least 2 years
• Renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR]<50 mL/min/1.73 m2) or significant liver insufficiency (serum bilirubin>2 times the upper normal range and/or serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] or aspartate aminotransferase [AST]>3 times the upper normal range). GFRs will be calculated according to the validated formula (MDRD)
• Pregnancy or breast feeding
• Congestive heart failure (ejection fraction<45%)
• Preexisting grade 2 peripheral neuropathy
• Previous or current treatment with mitotane or other antineoplastic drugs for ACC
• Previous radiotherapy for ACC
• Any other severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition or laboratory abnormality that would impart, in the judgment of the investigator, excess risk associated with study participation or study drug administration or that, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study.