Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Lactobacillus Crispatus M247 (Crispact®) With Vaginal Laser Therapy in Menopausal Women With Atrophic Vulvovaginitis (VVA)

Atrophic vulvovaginitis (VVA) is a common condition affecting menopausal women, characterized by symptoms such as vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, itching, and recurrent urinary tract infections. These symptoms result from decreased estrogen levels leading to an imbalance in vaginal microbiota. Standard treatments for VVA include hormonal therapy, but this approach is often associated with adverse effects and contraindications.

This study investigates a non-hormonal approach using Lactobacillus crispatus M247 (Crispact®), a probiotic strain known for its ability to maintain a healthy vaginal microbiota, in combination with vaginal laser therapy. The study will include 75 menopausal women diagnosed with VVA who will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio, with a greater proportion allocated to the laser-only group and the remaining participants receiving laser therapy combined with the probiotic.

Primary outcomes will include changes in genitourinary symptoms assessed using a validated vulvovaginal symptom questionnaire and evaluation of safety over the study period. Secondary outcomes will include changes in vaginal microbiota composition, including Lactobacillus crispatus levels, assessed at baseline (T0) and three months (T3).

The study is approved by the Ethics Committee for Human Experimentation (CESU), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, under protocol 124_6March2025_Lactobacillus crispatus M247_Sisti, on 29.04.2025.

Inclusion criteria

• Menopausal women with no menstrual cycle for >12 months.
• Diagnosed with atrophic vulvovaginitis (VVA) and experiencing related symptoms (vaginal dryness, introital and profound dyspareunia, itching, burning, bleeding during intercourse).
• Symptoms related to genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), including urinary urgency, increased frequency, nocturia, recurrent cystitis, or post-coital cystitis.
• Prior negative PAP test performed within one year of enrollment.
• Women who are unresponsive to or dissatisfied with prior topical estrogen therapy or who have contraindications to local and/or systemic estrogen prescription.

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Presence of preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions of the cervix, vagina, or vulva.
• Active genital and/or urinary tract infections.
• Dermatological contraindications to laser therapy.
• Ongoing systemic or local hormone therapy.
• Neurological or psychiatric disorders.
• Chronic systemic diseases of autoimmune or dysmetabolic nature.