Evaluation of Systolic Function in Heart Failure With Middle Ejection Fraction by 3D Speckle Tracking Imaging

As the final manifestation of cardiovascular disease and the main cause of death, heart failure is one of the important challenges threatening human health in the 21st century. In 2016, the European Heart Association proposed a new classification standard for heart failure. In particular, for the first time, heart failure with median ejection fraction has been clearly defined. These patients have received more and more attention, but there are still relatively few studies on them. More research is needed to improve our understanding of this part of the population in order to make the best clinical decisions and improve the prognosis. 3D speckle tracking technology is a new technology developed on the basis of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and speckle tracking technology. It is gradually recognized in the evaluation of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, especially in the evaluation of cardiotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs. At present, the application of 3D-STI in the evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in heart failure with median ejection fraction is limited and needs further study.In this study, 3D-STI was used to evaluate left ventricular systolic function in heart failure with median ejection fraction.

Inclusion criteria

Meeting the diagnostic and classification criteria of heart failure proposed in the 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute / chronic heart failure

Exclusion criteria

• acute or chronic infectious diseases;
• COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and other serious lung diseases;
• Autoimmune diseases;
• Malignant tumor;
• Acute, chronic liver disease or other reasons lead to abnormal liver function (transaminase is more than 3 times of normal value);
• Acute and chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease (serum creatinine > 220 μmol/L, or creatinine clearance rate < 30 ml/min);
• Heart valve disease;
• Severe arrhythmia;
• The image quality of echocardiography was poor when it was larger than three sections;