Evaluation of Mindfulness and Yoga in Basic Combat Training

The PHQ-2 is a validated screening tool for depression. The PHQ-2 included a single item assessing impairment in functioning attributable to reported symptoms.

ICD-10 musculoskeletal diagnoses (M group) and associated encounter information drawn from U.S. Army records

The GAD-2 is a validated screening tool for anxiety. The GAD-2 included a single item assessing impairment in functioning attributable to reported symptoms.

The ISI is a validated screening tool for insomnia and sleep-related problems.

A single item from the PSQI was used to assess overall sleep quality.

The DVPRS is a measure of self-reported pain designed for use in military and veteran populations. The DVPRS was adapted for the present study to assess pain-related interference with training, sleep, mood, and stress.

The PHQ-15 is a validated measure of a range of patient health outcomes. Ten items from the PHQ-15 were used to assess physical pain and assorted medical symptoms.

The MTI is a measure of mental toughness and resilience. Eight items from the MTI were used in the present evaluation: Four items assessed mental toughness during stressful events, and four items assessed mental toughness following stressful events.

The MAIA is a measure of interoceptive awareness and mindfulness-related constructs. Ten items from the MAIA were used in the present evaluation: Six items assessed the capacity to not self-distract, and four items assessed capacity for self-regulation.

The FFMQ is a measure of engagement in mindful awareness.

The Brief DERS is a shortened version of a validated measure assessing ability to manage difficult emotions. Subscales assessed difficulties with emotional awareness, impulse control, and engaging in goal-directed behavior.

Four items developed for the current evaluation were used to assess perceived acceptability and utility of mindfulness training.

A single item was used to assess self-rated health.

Seven items developed for the current evaluation were used to assess behaviors that reflect indiscipline and consequences experienced as a result of indiscipline.

Eleven items developed for this evaluation were used to assess satisfaction with yoga intervention and preparatory and recovery drills.

A validated three-item measure was used to assess unit cohesion.

A single item measure developed for this evaluation was used to assess frequency of medical visits.

Three items were developed for this evaluation assessing the frequency of pain, level of pain, and chronicity of pain.

Eight items developed for the present evaluation were used to assess disruption in training due to injury, trainee response to injury, and outcomes associated with experience of injury.

Twenty-five items were developed for the present evaluation to assess use of mindfulness and attitudes towards mindfulness practice following basic combat training.

Twenty-three items were developed for the present evaluation to assess use of yoga/PRT drills and attitudes towards yoga/PRT drills following basic combat training.

Nine items were developed for this evaluation to assess receipt and use of mindfulness and yoga resources following training.

Thirteen items were developed for this evaluation to assess use of MBAT during basic combat training.

Six items were developed for this evaluation to assess trainees' perception of drill sergeant support for MBAT during basic combat training.

Nine items were used to assess participants' perceptions of the quality of drill sergeant's leadership and instruction.