Evaluation of Direct Effects of Electric Fields on Brain

Inclusion criteria

• Provision of signed and dated informed consent form
• Male or female, aged ≥ 18 years old
• Focal drug-resistant epilepsy
• Patient undergoing a clinical SEEG investigation
• Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study
• Patient affiliated or beneficiary of a health insurance plan
• Patient for whom MRI images (3D T1) are exploitable and fit with the minimum MRI requirements needed for biophysical modelling (cf annex in 14.), prior to SEEG electrodes implantation
• Patient for whom a CT-scan with electrodes (or MRI with electrodes) has been realized after SEEG procedure.

Exclusion criteria

• Difficulty to read or understand the French language, or inability to understand the information regarding the study
• Person protected by articles L1121-5, L1121-6 and L1121-8 of Public Health Code (pregnant or breastfeeding woman, deprived of liberty by judicial decision, situations of social fragility, adults or unable to express their consent). Pregnancy will be evaluated during screening with a urine pregnancy test.
• Presence of severe negative outcome of SEEG surgery preventing the acquisition of SEEG data (i.e. hemorragic complications, subcutaneous infection), at the time of inclusion.
• Patient showing contraindications for electric stimulation at the time of inclusion:

(A) Patient with unstable or non-controlled neuropsychiatric illness (B) Patients having cardiac or medication implants (C) Patients with implanted pacemakers (D) Patients with serious brain injury (E) Patients showing damage of skin at sites of stimulation

• Any condition that, according to the investigator, is not compatible with carrying out the study