Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Anesthesiologist Predictions of Postoperative Intensive Care Unit Admission Using Preoperative Clinical Data

Accurate prediction of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) requirement is essential for patient safety and efficient use of limited ICU resources. In routine clinical practice, decisions regarding postoperative ICU admission are primarily based on anesthesiologists' preoperative clinical judgment, which may vary among clinicians.

This prospective, observational study aims to evaluate the agreement between predictions made by ChatGPT-5(Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) and anesthesiologists regarding postoperative ICU requirement using routinely collected preoperative patient data, and to compare these predictions with actual postoperative ICU admission outcomes.

The study does not involve any intervention, treatment modification, or additional procedures beyond standard clinical care. All patient data are anonymized, and clinical management is not influenced by the model's predictions

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Key information

Conditions

Postoperative Care

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Antalya City Hospital

Antalya, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission is a critical component of perioperative patient management, particularly in patients with increased surgical or anesthetic risk. Accurate preoperative identification of patients who will require postoperative ICU care may improve patient safety and optimize resource allocation.

This study is designed as a prospective, non-interventional observational cohort study conducted in adult patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. Routinely collected preoperative clinical data, including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory results, and anesthesiologists' assessments, are recorded for each participant.

For each patient, postoperative ICU requirement predictions generated by ChatGPT-5 using structured preoperative data are documented. These predictions are compared with anesthesiologists' preoperative ICU admission assessments and with actual postoperative ICU admission outcomes.

No additional diagnostic or therapeutic interventions are performed as part of the study. Patient care follows standard institutional practice at all times. All collected data are anonymized prior to analysis. Statistical analyses focus on agreement and predictive performance measures, including sensitivity, specificity, and concordance between prediction methods and actual outcomes.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Adult patients aged 18 years or older.
Patients undergoing elective surgical procedures requiring preoperative anesthesiology evaluation.
Availability of complete preoperative clinical data required for postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) need prediction.
Patients evaluated preoperatively by an anesthesiology specialist.

Exclusion criteria

Patients younger than 18 years of age.
Emergency surgical procedures.
Patients with incomplete or missing preoperative clinical data.
Patients who decline the use of their clinical data for research purposes.

Treatment and study plan

No intervention (observational study)

Other

This is a non-interventional observational study. No therapeutic or diagnostic intervention is performed as part of the study.

Primary outcomes

Agreement Between Predicted and Actual Postoperative ICU Requirement

Time frame: Within the first 24 hours after surgery

Agreement between preoperative predictions of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) requirement made by ChatGPT-5 and anesthesiologists, compared with actual postoperative ICU admission outcomes.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Beste Mutlu Dağlıoğlu

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Evaluation of the Agreement Between ChatGPT-5 and Anesthesiologists' Predictions and Actual Outcomes in Predicting Postoperative Intensive Care Unit Requirement Based on Preoperative Data

Important dates

Study start: 2025
Primary completion: 2025
Study completion: 2026
First posted: Feb 9, 2026
Registry last updated: Jun 24, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.

Completed