Evaluation of an Anti-inflammatory Diet in Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases

Randomized, multicenter, 2-arm, parallel-group, single-blind controlled clinical trial (1:1 allocation ratio) with 1 group of patients with obesity (N=20) or type 1 (n=20) treated with standard obesity treatment diet or usual diet (diabetic children) and 1 group (N=20 for obesity and (N=20 for type 1 diabetes) treated with the same diets to which nutritional advice derived from microbiota analysis (NUTRI-DIET) will be added.

The study will last 12 months with an intervention phase (personalized diet) lasting 3 months.

The research includes an enrollment phase that may extend up to 9 months depending on the number of patients enrolled. The enrollment phase will be considered finished once a total of 80 patients (i.e., 40 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes and 40 obese pediatric patients) are enrolled. During the patient enrollment phase, relevant clinical information (biological samples as faeces, urines and blood and questionnaires on diet habits, physical activity and stress) will be collected concurrently. Tests will be performed once enrollment is completed on samples from all patients collected at the time of enrollment (microbiota analysis on stool, metabolome analysis on stool and urine, serological gut barrier markers analysis on serum). Obese and/or diabetic children will be randomized to the intervention or control group. Randomization will be done according to age (≤12: >12), gender and pathology (diabetes or obesity).

Inclusion criteria

• Eligible for participation will be children diagnosed with obesity (BMI > 95th percentile) and type 1 diabetes aged 8-18 years
• Signature of informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Children with any acute or chronic disease (cancer, infection, other), gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, parathyroid disease, diseases requiring regular phlebotomies, and other chronic diseases that could affect the results of the present study
• Taking medications other than insulin, including hypolipidemic and antihypertensive drugs
• Use of medications that could affect the results of the study, including systemic glucocorticoids and antibiotics (in the three months prior to the study)
• Recent weight loss or weight gain (> 3 kg), (in the 3 months preceding the study)
• Blood transfusion in the last 3 months prior to blood sampling
• Use of dietary supplements, including multivitamins, fish oil capsules, minerals and trace elements (three months prior to and throughout the study period)
• Inability (physically or psychologically) to comply with the procedures required by the protocol
• Children with specific eating disorders, which may hinder the research results