Evaluating the Efficacy of a Detection and Prevention Program for Frail Community-dwelling Older Adults

One question from the WHOQOL-BREF will be used to measure the quality of life of participants (1 item). Older participants will also be asked to rate their quality of life on a scale from 0 to 10.

The Satisfaction with Life Scale will be administered to explore the life satisfaction of the participants (5 items)

To assess the sense of mastery of older people, the current mastery questionnaire will be used and one self-constructed item will be added which will assess mastery in relation to others. Older participants will also be asked to rate their mastery on a scale from 0 to 10.

Meaning in life will be evaluated with 5 items from the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Older participants will also be asked to rate their meaning in life on a scale from 0 to 10.

Community inclusion will be measured using 1 item from the Community Integration Measure (CIM). Older participants will also be asked to rate their community inclusion on a scale from 0 to 10.

One self-constructed question (1 item) will assess if the older person lives at home in a qualitative manner

The Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument (CFAI) will be used to measure multidimensional frailty: physical, cognitive, psychological, social and environmental frailty

The Fried's phenotype of frailty will be used to assess the physical phenotype of frailty as well as the questionnaire of Op het Veld

The subjective feeling of frailty will be assessed using 1 self-constructed question and will assess to what extent an older person feels frail

Resilience will be measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC2), which is an abbreviated 2-item version of the original scale

Coping will be measured using 12 items from the BRIEF cope. Two items from active coping, positive reframing, religion, use of emotional support and self-distraction and one item from acceptance and behavioral disengagement will be used

Older people will be asked if they need help with 8 activities of daily life, and to what extent the help they receive for these activities is sufficient. These questions are adapted from the questionnaire of the Belgian Ageing Studies (BAS)

Older people will be asked if they receive care from 6 informal and 14 formal caregivers and if they are satisfied with the help they receive from these caregivers. These questions are adapted from the BAS-questionnaire.

The participants will be asked if they needed to go to the hospital, to a residential setting and a rehabilitation center over the past 6 months (day case/overnight stay). These questions are adapted from the Health Interview Survey. In addition, the participants will be asked when they visited the general practitioner for the last time over the last 6 months.

Leisure time will be measured by using an adapted question with 8 items derived from the BAS-questionnaire and will examine how often the participants perform the listed activities

Different dimensions of neighborhood will be assessed. First, the social environment will be administered by using 3 items from the social cohesion dimension of the Neighbourhood Scale. Second, the physical environment will be explored by using 4 items from the BAS-questionnaire as well as from the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale. Finally, low-key participation will be examined by using 2 items from the questionnaire of Oswald & Konopik.

A shortened version of the Geriatric Adverse Life Events Scale (GALES) will be adapted to assess to occurrence of life-events (11 items)