Evaluating Pharmacogenomics-Based Pharmacotherapy in Real-World Settings for Schizophrenia

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) provides a total score (sum of the scores of all 30 items) and scores for 3 subscales, the positive subscale (7 items), the negative subscale (7 items), and the general psychopathology subscale (16 items), each rated on a scale of 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme). It's designed to capture symptoms of schizophrenia. Score range 30-210. A higher score means a worse outcome.

The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophenia (CDSS) is a 9-item scale used to rate the depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. For each CDSS item, symptom severity was rated on a 3-point scale, from 0=absent to 3=severe. The CDSS total score ranges from 0 to 27 with a higher score indicating a greater severity of symptoms.

The Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) rating scale is used to rate the severity of a patient's psychotic condition on a 7-point scale. It is rated as follows: 1=Normal, not at all ill, 2=Borderline mentally ill, 3=Mildly ill, 4=Moderately ill, 5=Markedly ill, 6=Severely ill, and 7=Among the most extremely ill. Higher scores indicate worsening

Test data of the Hematology, Serum chemistry, Lipid Panel, Glycated Hemoglobin, Urinalysis, etc. will be collocted.

The Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) consists of behavioral toxicity, laboratory abnormalities, nervous system, automatic nervous system, cardiovascular system and six other aspects, was used to evaluate adverse drug reactions based on the scores, ranging from 0 to 4 (the higher the score, the more serious the adverse reactions).

BARS consisted of 4 items, and the first 3 items were rated on a 4-point scale: 0 = absence of symptoms to 3 = severe condition. The global clinical evaluation was made on a 6-point scale, (0=absent, 1=questionable, 2=mild, 3=moderate, 4=marked, 5=severe). The BARS Global Score was derived from the global clinical assessment of akathisia from the BARS panel. The total score ranges from 0 to 14. The higher number indicates a worse outcome.

The minimum of each item (Gait, Arm Dropping, Shoulder Shaking, Elbow Rigidity, Fixation of Position or Wrist Rigidity, Leg Pendulousness, Head Dropping, Glabella Tap, Tremor, Salivation) in the SAS (Simpson-Angus Scale) is 0, and the maximum is 4. The minimum total score in the SAS is 0, and the maximum is 40. The higher number is worse outcome.

The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) Total Dyskinesia Score rates a total of 7 items, rating involuntary movement from 0 (no dyskinesia) to 4 (severe dyskinesia). Items 1 through 7 include facial and oral movements (Items 1-4), extremity movements (Items 5-6), and trunk movements (Item 7). The AIMS dyskinesia total score for Items 1-7 ranges from 0 to 28; a higher score reflects increased severity.

The medication satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) is a single-item, global, patient-completed instrument that is read aloud to patients by clinicians designed to assess treatment satisfaction among patients with schizophrenia. It consists of one question: "Overall, how satisfied are you with your current antipsychotic medication(s)?" with responses assessed on a 7-point scale rated as follows: 1 = extremely dissatisfied, 2=very dissatisfied, 3=somewhat dissatisfied, 4=neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 5=somewhat satisfied, 6 = very satisfied, 7 = extremely satisfied.

DAI, a 10-item scale to assess how the attitude of schizophrenia patients toward their medications may affect compliance. Respondents indicate 'true' or 'false' for each item. An overall calculated score ranges from -10 to 10, where a positive score indicated a positive subjective response (compliant), whilst a negative score indicated non-compliance.

The PSP is a 100-point validated clinician-rated scale that assesses the degree of difficulty in 4 areas of functioning: socially useful activities, personal and social relationships, self-care, and disturbing and aggressive behaviors rated on a 6-point scale (1=absent to 6=very severe). Total score is divided into 3 levels: 71-100 (mild difficulty); 31-70 (marked difficulty) and 1-30 (severe difficulty), with higher scores indicating better function.