Establishment and Clinical Validation of a New Technique for Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy

Patients with a history of more than 5 years of diabetes without DKD were recruited. At the baseline visit, the patients' serum, plasma and urine were collected after obtaining informed patient consent. Simultaneously, the basic information, anthropometric indicators (including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure), past history, family history, menstrual history, birth history, medication history, lifestyle of the patients were registered, and the corresponding laboratory examination and auxiliary examination were carried out according to the diagnostic process. All data and data were entered into the database for later analysis. After 5years of follow up, subjects will be divided into two groups(the new onset DKD group and the non-DKD group), the base line level of MDNBs were tested in the two group to validate the performance of the novel MDNBs in in prediction of the risk for early diabetic nephropathy.

Inclusion criteria

• Subjects who have signed informed consent.
• Subjects who were diagnosed with diabetes at least 5 years.
• Subjects showed good compliance, and the follow-up data was available for >5 years.

Exclusion criteria

• Renal diseases caused by other causes, including primary and secondary;
• All kinds of acute infections;
• The expected life expectancy (life expectancy or related diseases) was less than 5 years according to the researcher's judgment.
• Drug users or drug abusers;
• Sexually transmitted diseases such as viral hepatitis, AIDS and syphilis, and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis are in an active period;
• Any situation judged by the researcher that affects enrollment.