Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Oblique-Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Emergency Abdominal Surgery with Midline Incision

Upon arrival to the operating room, routine monitors (electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry, and non-invasive blood pressure monitor) will be applied; intravenous line will be secured, and pre-medication drugs will be delivered (metoclopramide 10 mg and omeprazole 40 mg).

General anesthesia will be induced by 2 mg/kg propofol and 1 mcg/kg fentanyl. After loss of consciousness, tracheal intubation by direct laryngoscopy will be facilitated by 1 mg/kg succinyl choline. Anesthesia will be maintained by 1-1.2% isoflurane and atracurium will be administered after patient recovery from succinylcholine at a dose of 0.5 mg/Kg. Atracurium increments of 0.1 mg/kg will be administered every 20 min for maintenance of neuromuscular blockade.

After induction of anesthesia, patients will receive the block according to the group assignment In both blocks a total of 25 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be administered in each side.

The blocks will be performed by an experienced operator who will be informed of the patient group after induction of anesthesia. The patient, surgeon and data collector will be blinded to the study group.

Intraoperative analgesic management Fentanyl boluses of 1 mcg/kg will be given in case of inadequate analgesia (heart rate/mean blood pressure increase by 20% from the baseline in absence of other causes) Intraoperative fluid and hemodynamic management will be according to the discretion of the attending anesthetist.

At the end of the surgery, all patients will receive intravenous acetaminophen (1 g) before the extubation.

Postoperative care All patients will receive regular intravenous acetaminophen 1 g/6 hours. Pain assessments using NRS will be performed at rest and during cough at 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 12, 24 h after leaving the operating room. If NRS score is > 3 (at any time not limited to the time of assessment) intravenous titration of 3 mg morphine is given slowly to be repeated after 30 minutes if pain persisted. If other opioids are given, morphine equivalent dose will be calculated using opioids conversion chart.

Intravenous ondansetron 4 mg will be given to treat nausea or vomiting if occurs

Inclusion criteria

• adult patients (>18 years), undergoing emergency abdominal surgery with midline incision

Exclusion criteria

• American society of anesthesiologist-physical status >III,
• patients with a history of allergy to any of the study drugs,
• a body mass index (BMI) <18 or ≥ 40 kg/m2,
• coagulopathy
• local infection,
• history of chronic pain or regular opioid use;
• inability to comprehend the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS),
• pregnant or lactating women. Patients on vasopressor infusion,
• patients with high shock index (heart rate / systolic blood pressure >1)
• patients requiring postoperative mechanical ventilation will be excluded from the study.