Epidemiology Study of Malaria Transmission Intensity in Sub-Saharan Africa

PFP = measurement of parasite prevalence (PP) by center according to joint technical expert group (JTEG). Centers: Nouna-Burkina Faso (NOU-BF), Ouagadougou-Burkina Faso (OUA-BF), Keur Soce [Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-1-SE), Naikhar (Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-2-SE). A subject was defined as infected by P. falciparum parasitemia, if at least two of the subject's blood slide readings were positive for the corresponding parasitemia.

MCI = measurement of residual spraying, mosquito net usage, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), intermittent preventative treatment in infants (IPTi) and Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) - therapy received within the last 14 days as indicator of malaria transmission intensity (MTI) by center and JTEG according to P. Falciparum infection status. Centers: Nouna-Burkina Faso (NOU-BF), Ouagadougou-Burkina Faso (OUA-BF), Keur Soce [Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-1-SE), Naikhar (Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-2-SE). Results presented for overall centers by the following characteristics: Use of Mosquito colis over 7 days (UMc > 7D), Use of Insecticide spray over 7 days (UIs > 7D), Use of Commercial Repellents over 7 days (UCR > 7D), Use of Traditional Repellents over 7 days (UTR > 7D), Use of none of above over 7 days (Una >7D), Use of indoor residual spray in past 12 months to spray interior walls (Uirs past 12M), Use of indoor residual spray - number of months ago (Uirs-nM)

MCI = measurement of residual spraying, mosquito net usage, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), intermittent preventative treatment in infants (IPTi) and Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) - therapy received within the last 14 days as indicator of malaria transmission intensity (MTI) by center and JTEG according to P. Falciparum infection status. Centers: Nouna-Burkina Faso (NOU-BF), Ouagadougou-Burkina Faso (OUA-BF), Keur Soce [Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-1-SE), Naikhar (Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-2-SE). Results presented for overall centers by the following characteristics: Use of Mosquito colis over 7 days (UMc > 7D), Use of Insecticide spray over 7 days (UIs > 7D), Use of Commercial Repellents over 7 days (UCR > 7D), Use of Traditional Repellents over 7 days (UTR > 7D), Use of none of above over 7 days (Una >7D), Use of indoor residual spray in past 12 months to spray interior walls (Uirs past 12M), Use of indoor residual spray - number of months ago (Uirs-nM)

MCI = measurement of residual spraying, mosquito net usage, SMC, IPTi and ACT - therapy received within the last 14 days as indicator of MTI according to P. falciparum infection status. Note: - There was only the reference category available for 'Use of Traditional Repellents over 7 days': Missing/No - There was only one category available for 'Use of indoor residual spray - number of month ago': 2 Characteristics were as follows: Malaria treatment in past 14 days (Mt past 14D), Numbers of days of malaria treatment (NdMt), Other medication in the past 14 days (Om past 14D), Number of days of other medication (Ndom), Was the subject hospitalized in the last 3 months due to Malaria (Wsh3MM), Subject sleep under a mosquito net night before visit (Ssumnnbv), New net - less than 1 year (Nn < 1Y), Impregnated bednet (Ib), Pierced/torn bednet (P/tb), How many holes of that size (HS), UMc > 7D, UIs > 7D, UCR > 7D, UTR > 7D, Una >7D, Uirs past 12M.

MCI = measurement of residual spraying, mosquito net usage, SMC, IPTi and ACT - therapy received within the last 14 days as indicator of MTI according to P. falciparum infection status. Note: - There was only the reference category for 'Use of Insecticide spray over 7 days': Missing/No and 'Use of Traditional Repellents over 7 days': Missing/No - The reference category ('2') for 'Use of indoor residual spray - number of month ago': 2 Characteristics were as follows: Malaria treatment in past 14 days (Mt past 14D), Numbers of days of malaria treatment (NdMt), Other medication in the past 14 days (Om past 14D), Number of days of other medication (Ndom), Was the subject hospitalized in the last 3 months due to Malaria (Wsh3MM), Subject sleep under a mosquito net night before visit (Ssumnnbv), New net - less than 1 year (Nn < 1Y), Impregnated bednet (Ib), Pierced/torn bednet (P/tb), How many holes of that size (HS), UMc > 7D, UIs > 7D, UCR > 7D, UTR > 7D, Una >7D, Uirs past 12M.

MCI = measurement of residual spraying, mosquito net usage, SMC, IPTi and ACT - therapy received within the last 14 days as indicator of MTI according to P. falciparum infection status. Note: - There was only one category available for 'Exact number of days of malaria treatment':1-3 days, 'Use of Indoor residual spray - numbers of months ago': 9, 'Use of Commercial Repellents over 7 days': Missing/No - There were not enough values in the reference category ('<5') to compute the OR for HS. Characteristics were as follows: Malaria treatment in past 14 days (Mt past 14D), Other medication in the past 14 days (Om past 14D), Number of days of other medication (Ndom), Was the subject hospitalized in the last 3 months due to Malaria (Wsh3MM), Subject sleep under a mosquito net night before visit (Ssumnnbv), New net - less than 1 year (Nn < 1Y), Impregnated bednet (Ib), Pierced/torn bednet (P/tb), UMc > 7D, UIs >7D, UCR > 7D, UTR > 7D, Una >7D.

MCI = measurement of residual spraying, mosquito net usage, SMC, IPTi and ACT - therapy received within the last 14 days as indicator of MTI according to P. falciparum infection status. Note: - There was only one category available for 'Exact number of days of malaria treatment':1-3 days and 'How many holes of that size': ≥5. Characteristics were as follows: Malaria treatment in past 14 days (Mt past 14D), Numbers of days of malaria treatment (NdMt), Other medication in the past 14 days (Om past 14D), Number of days of other medication (Ndom), Was the subject hospitalized in the last 3 months due to Malaria (Wsh3MM), Subject sleep under a mosquito net night before visit (Ssumnnbv), New net - less than 1 year (Nn < 1Y), Impregnated bednet (Ib), Pierced/torn bednet (P/tb), How many holes of that size (HS), UMc > 7D, UIs > 7D, UCR > 7D, UTR > 7D, Una >7D, Uirs past 12M.

The medical history characteristics were as follows: -subject sleep under a mosquito net night before visit (Ssumnnbv), New net - less than 1 year (Nn < 1Y), Impregnated Bednet (Ib), Pierced/torn bednet (P/tb), How many holes of that size (HS).

The annual age extended over a 0 year-9 years range. The age characteristics were summarized by P. falciparum infection status.

The JTEG categorisation referred to the distribution of subjects by different age groups: 6 months to 4 years of age inclusive (0.5Y-4Y category) and 5 to 9 years of age inclusive (5-9Y category), tabulated according to P. falciparum infection status.

The gender characteristics were summarized by P. falciparum infection status.

Other Plasmodium species included: P. Malariae, P. Vivax, P. Ovale with Negative and Positive results. A subjects was defined as infected by a specified parasitemia if at least two of the subject's blood slide readings were positive for the corresponding parasitemia. The results were tabulated according to JTEG age categorisation.

Anti-malarial therapy included Malaria treatment (MT) in past 14 days, Other medication (OM) in past 14 days and Malaria hospitalization (MH) in the last 3 months.

The duration of anti-malarial therapy referred to the exact number of days of malaria treatment (EDMT) and the number of days of other medication (DOM). Note: * In case of several medication (malaria treatment or other medication) taken per subject, the maximum duration was computed for this study.

This endpoint presents results per total centers and across all age categories.

Characteristics of fever were the following: Fever in the last 24 hours (F 24h) and Fever* at visit (F* at V). Note: *Fever set to Yes if temperature recorded at visit after axillary conversion was ≥ 37.5 ◦C.

This endpoint presents results per total centers and across all age categories.

The malaria prevention and risk factor presented in this endpoint was: Number of persons living in the same part of the house - persons enrolled in the study (PLSPH-PES), in the following combinations: < y/x, where x are persons enrolled in the study among less than y persons living in the same part of the house, y-z/x, where x are persons enrolled in the study among y to z persons living in the same part of the house, > z/x, where x persons are enrolled in the study among more than z persons living in the same part of the house, y-z/> x, where more than x persons enrolled in the study among y to z persons living in the same part of the house, > z/> x, where more than x persons enrolled in the study among more than z persons living in the same part of the house.

The malaria prevention and risk factor presented in this endpoint was: Number of persons living in the same part of the house (PLSPH).

The malaria prevention and risk factor for this endpoint was: Number of subjects living in the same part of the house - persons enrolled in the study (PLSPH-PES), in the following combinations: < y/x, where x are persons enrolled in the study among less than y persons living in the same part of the house, y-z/x, where x are persons enrolled in the study among y to z persons living in the same part of the house, > z/x, where x persons are enrolled in the study among more than z persons living in the same part of the house, y-z/> x, where more than x persons enrolled in the study among y to z persons living in the same part of the house, > z/> x, where more than x persons enrolled in the study among more than z persons living in the same part of the house. Results are presented for the Nouna-Burkina Faso (NOU-BF), Ouagadougou-Burkina Faso (OUA-BF), Keur Soce [Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-1-SE) and Naikhar (Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-2-SE) centers.

The malaria prevention and risk factor for this endpoint was: Number of subjects living in the same part of the house (PLSPH). Results are presented for the Nouna-Burkina Faso (NOU-BF), Ouagadougou-Burkina Faso (OUA-BF), Keur Soce [Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-1-SE) and Naikhar (Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-2-SE) centers.

The malaria prevention and risk factor characteristics for this endpoint were the following: Situation area (rural, urban, semi-rural) and Type of Location*. Note: *Large city = >1 million habitants; Small city = >50000 & < 1 million habitants ; Town = > 10000 and < 50000 habitants; Countryside = < 10000 habitants.

The malaria prevention and risk factor characteristics were the following: Situation area (urban, rural, semi-rural) and Type of Location*. Note: *Large city = >1 million habitants; Small city = >50000 & < 1 million habitants ; Town = > 10000 and < 50000 habitants; Countryside = < 10000 habitants. Results are presented for the Nouna-Burkina Faso (NOU-BF), Ouagadougou-Burkina Faso (OUA-BF), Keur Soce [Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-1-SE) and Naikhar (Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-2-SE) centers.

The malaria prevention and risk factor characteristics for this endpoint were the following: - Main house construction material (MHCM) walls, floor, roof, windows/eaves, nets; - Main source of drinking water (MSDW); - Presence of electricity (PE). Note: *Natural floor = earth, sand, dung; Rudimentary floor = wood planks, palm, bamboo. % Closed water source (piper water, tube well, dug well, protected well); Open water source (unprotected well, spring water, rainwater, tanker truck, surface water).

The malaria prevention and risk factor characteristics for this endpoint were the following: - Main house construction material (MHCM) walls, floor, roof, windows/eaves, nets; - Main source of drinking water (MSDW); - Presence of electricity (PE). Natural floor = earth, sand, dung; Rudimentary floor = wood planks, palm, bamboo. Closed water source = pipe water, tube well, dug well, protected well; Open water source = unprotected well, spring water, rainwater, tanker truck, surface water. Results are presented for the Nouna-Burkina Faso (NOU-BF), Ouagadougou-Burkina Faso (OUA-BF), Keur Soce [Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-1-SE) and Naikhar (Dakar area)-Senegal (DA-2-SE) centers.