Enhancing Psychiatric Nursing Skills in Auditory Hallucination Assessment Via AR/VR and Virtual OSCE

Primary outcomes

1. Auditory Hallucination Situational Involvement and Empathy

   Time frame: at baseline on day 2 or 3 of the 15-day practicum (T0) and on day 15 of the practicum, three days after the intervention has finished (T1)

   To assess the impact of the intervention on empathy, Schutte and Stilinović's (2017) method was used, employing the Situational Scale of Empathetic Responses (SSER) with 15 items. These are divided into two categories: ① Empathic Perspective Taking (7 items) and ② Empathic Concern (8 items). Participants imagined interacting with a person hearing voices and rated the items on a 5-point Likert scale, from 'strongly disagree' (1) to 'strongly agree' (5). Higher scores indicate greater empathy in auditory hallucination scenarios.

2. OSCE Evaluation Form for Auditory Hallucination Assessment and Intervention

   Time frame: at baseline on day 2 or 3 of the 15-day practicum (T0) and on day 15 of the practicum, three days after the intervention has finished (T1)

   This form is part of the "Application of AR/VR Technology and OSCE in a Virtual Clinical Environment" teaching practice project. Both the experimental and control groups will watch videos; however, the control group will watch standard videos, while the experimental group will use AR/VR technology within a virtual clinical environment. Both groups will be assessed using OSCE combined with the virtual clinical environment.

   The evaluation form, developed by the researcher, will undergo content validity review by experts once the videos are completed. Different versions of the virtual clinical environment and OSCE assessment will be used before and after the intervention. The study plans to develop four different versions, all of which will be reviewed by experts and piloted.

3. Self-Assessment Questionnaire on Confidence in Auditory Hallucination Assessment and Intervention

   Time frame: at baseline on day 2 or 3 of the 15-day practicum (T0) and on day 15 of the practicum, three days after the intervention has finished (T1)

   This section consists of a self-designed questionnaire by the researcher, primarily aimed at measuring students' confidence levels before and after the implementation of the teaching intervention. It includes 7 items and serves as a simple assessment tool.

4. Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Empathy Toward Auditory Hallucinations

   Time frame: at baseline on day 2 or 3 of the 15-day practicum (T0) and on day 15 of the practicum, three days after the intervention has finished (T1)

   This assessment tool, developed by Mawson (2014), consists of 11 items related to statements about knowledge, attitudes, and empathy toward auditory hallucinations. Nursing students are asked to respond to these statements using a 5-point Likert scale, with responses ranging from "strongly agree" (5) to "strongly disagree" (1). These statements remain unchanged in the questionnaire.