Enhancing COVID Rehabilitation With Technology

The WHODAS is the 36-item self report questionnaire measuring health and disability from the previous 30 days across six domains of functioning: cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities and participation. Responses are scored on a 5 point Likert scale: None (0), Mild (1), Moderate (2), Severe (3), and Extreme/Cannot Do (4). Change from baseline to week 12 will be measured as primary outcome.

The WHO Post-COVID CRF will measure characteristics of COVID-19 infection and post-COVID symptoms including demographics, pregnancy, pre-COVID health status, and details about the acute COVID infection, vaccination status, occupational status, functioning, post-COVID symptoms, clinical tests and scales (including neurological, radiographic, blood tests, heart and lung function, mental health, function, and musculoskeletal tests) new diagnoses or complications related to COVID infection, and health service use, symptoms.

A 9-item questionnaire that assesses the severity of depression symptoms experienced within the last two weeks. Participants are asked to rate each symptom of depression on a Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day).

A 7-item questionnaire that assesses the severity of anxiety symptoms experienced within the last two weeks.

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index is a self-report questionnaire that assesses sleep quality in the previous month and takes 5-10 minutes to complete. It has been translated into over 50 languages.

A 20-item self-report measure that assesses the presence and severity of PTSD symptoms, corresponding with DSM-5 criteria for PTSD

This is a 5-item questionnaire that assesses health-related quality of life, including mobility, self-care, ability to participate in one's usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) which asks participants to evaluate their overall health on a scale from 0-100.

The Fatigue Severity Scale is a 9-item self-report that measures the severity and functional impact of fatigue.

A single item patient reported outcome, scored on a scale of 0-10.

The Pain Numeric Rating Scale will be used to assess pain intensity using a 0-10 ranking scale, where 0 represents "no pain" and 10 "unbearable pain".

A 5-item self report scale that evaluates statements of perceived breathlessness.

The Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) (short version) is a 7-item scale which measures multiple aspects of mental wellbeing.

Used to evaluate executive function, visual attention and task switching in participants. During TMT A, participants will be asked to count down out louad as quickly as they can sequentially, starting at "1" until the end. During TMT B, participants will be asked to speak outloud, alternating between numbers and letters (e.g. 1-A-2-B etc).

The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) will be used to evaluate verbal learning and memory capabilities in participants33. The HVLT consists of a 12-item word list, composed of four words from each of three semantic categories.

The Digit Span subset, a component of the Working Memory Index of the Weschler's Adult Intelligence Scale - 4th Edition (WAIS-IV), will be used to assess attention and working memory34. Participants will be read a series of numbers and then asked to recall the numbers to the examiner in order (forward span), in reverse order (backward span) and in sequence (sequence span).

The Phonemic and Semantic Verbal Fluency (or Controlled Oral Word Association Test) test will be used to assess verbal fluency. Participants will be given one minute to produce as many unique words as possible: 1) within a semantic category (category fluency for Animals); and 2) starting with a given letter (letter fluency for letters F, A and S).

Alcohol use: The AUDIT questionnaire is designed to assess alcohol consumption, drinking behavior, adverse reactions, alcohol-related problems. Among those who were known to misuse alcohol, the AUDIT successfully detected an alcohol use disorder 99% of the time 53. The AUDIT-C is the first 3-items of the AUDIT and will be used as a screening questionnaire. Participants who score above 4 on the AUDIT-C will also be asked to complete the Full AUDIT (the additional seven questions).

Alcohol and Substance Use: The ASSIST is a clinical interview collecting information regarding use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine type stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, and other drugs. Internal Consistency (Chronbach's alpha) was over 0.80 for the majority of domains and good concurrent validity