Enhanced Child Friendly Space Interventions for Children

A 28-item caregiver (for children aged 6-8 years) or child-reported (for children aged 9-14 years) measure that explores the resources that may bolster the resilience of children. Each item of the child self-report has response options rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 5 (A Lot). Higher scores are indicative of increased presence of resilience processes. Each item of the caregiver-reported measure has three response options - 1 (No), 2(Sometimes), and 3 (Yes). Higher scores are indicative of increased presence of resilience processes of the child (better outcome).

A two-part 27-item measure of psychological distress that maps to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Part one features 20 PTSD symptom items rated on a 5-point scale of frequency and severity from 0 (not at all) to 4 (6 or more times a week). Scores on part one range from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater psychological distress (more symptoms) and lower scores indicating a better outcome. This will be administered to children aged 9 to 14 years.

A two-part 27-item measure of psychological distress that maps to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Part two features 7 dichotomous functionality items from 0 (no) to 1 (yes). Scores on part two range from 0 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater daily functional impairment. This will be administered to children aged 9 to 14 years.

A 6-item measure of children's perception of agency and pathways thinking towards goals. The CHS measures goal-oriented thinking using six youth-appropriate items. Each item has response options rated on a six-point Likert-type scale ranging from one (None of the Time) to six (All of the Time). Higher scores are indicative of more positive goal-oriented thinking (greater hopefulness). This will be administered to children aged 9 to 14 years. Caregivers of children aged 6 to 8 years will be asked to answer on behalf of their child.

A 8-item screening measure of intrusive and avoidant cognitions related to PTSD and is frequently used in evaluating stress reactions after traumatic experiences. Response options are rated on a 4-point scale from 1 (Not at all) to 4 (Often). Scores range from 8 to 32, with higher scores indicating PTSD symptoms consistent with intrusion and avoidance of the child and lower scores indicating lesser PTSD symptoms (better outcome). This will be administered to caregivers of children aged 6 to 8 years.

A 13-item screening measure for depression. Each item is rated on a 3-point Likert scale with response options of 0 (Not True), 1(Sometimes True), and 2 (True). Scores range from 0 to 26, with lower scores indicating the child is likely not suffering from depression (better outcome). This will be administered to caregivers of children aged 6 to 8 years.

A 13-item measure of developmental assets essential for children to thrive into adulthood. Each item is answered on a four-point scale from 0 (Not at All/Rarely) to 3 (Extremely/Almost Always). Scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating the child has more developmental assets (better outcome). This will be administered to children aged 9 to 14 years.