Engaging Pharmacists to Advance Tobacco Treatment Service Delivery

Adoption is characterized as pharmacists' tobacco treatment care delivery adoption (comparing pre-implementation to post-implementation rates of tobacco use disorder diagnosis codes entered, tobacco treatment pharmacotherapy prescriptions written [e.g., varenicline], and tobacco treatment counseling codes entered).

We will measure acceptability at the provider level via the 4-item Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM) and a training satisfaction survey.

Fidelity at the clinic level is defined as the percentage of total program launch and implementation steps completed (i.e., kick-off, infrastructure build, training, coaching calls and systems change). Fidelity at the provider level is defined as the percentage of assessment and counseling steps completed (assessment of smoking history and current dependence, environmental triggers for smoking, pharmacotherapy options, and behavioral strategies for coping with urges to smoke).

Cost is defined as costs to deliver the intervention (e.g., the sum of the costs of the TTS training, travel, hours of consultation participation and number of staff included, training and technical assistance).

Penetration of the intervention is defined as the total number of counseling appointments delivered over the total number of smoking patients and the pace of completed counseling appointments over the Implementation period compared to the Pre-Implementation period.

Abstinence will be defined as self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence confirmed by breath carbon monoxide (CO). We will ask participants during follow-up, "Have you smoked a cigarette or used any type of combustible tobacco products in the past 7 days?" An answer of "no," coupled with a breath CO ≤5 ppm, will be considered abstinence.