All patients in this study were evaluated during the follow-up period. Patients' age, sex, occupation, residence, and telephone number were recorded for each participant for demographic purposes. General and local examinations were also performed preoperatively as usual.
Medical history, surgical approach, leakage site, complications, reconstruction technique, and follow-up were recorded.
All cases were treated by endonasal endoscopy
- Complete sphenoethmoidectomy.
- Draf type IIa, IIb, and III according to defect location.
- Defect less than 3 mm closed by a plug of fat and facia lata or middle turbinate mucosa.
- Defect more than 3 mm closed by underlying facia lata, underlying cartilage, and overlay facia lata.