Electroacupuncture for Cognitive Toxicity in Cancer Survivors: Assessing Implementation, Cost, and Effectiveness for Integration

Assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®) Multitasking Test, a computerized cognitive testing software. Score ranges from 0-160, with a lower score reflecting better performance. Clinically significant improvement is defined as a Reliable Change Index (RCI) exceeding 1.96 from baseline in at least one out of five tests (including this Multitasking Test).

Assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®) Paired Associates Learning Test, a computerized cognitive testing software. Score ranges from 0-70, with a lower score reflecting better performance. Clinically significant improvement is defined as a Reliable Change Index (RCI) exceeding 1.96 from baseline in at least one out of five tests (including this Paired Associates Learning Test).

Assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®) Rapid Visual Information Processing Test, a computerized cognitive testing software. Score ranges from 0-1, with a higher score reflecting better performance. Clinically significant improvement is defined as a Reliable Change Index (RCI) exceeding 1.96 from baseline in at least one out of five tests (including this Rapid Visual Information Processing Test).

Assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®) Reaction Time Test, a computerized cognitive testing software. Score ranges from 100-5100 ms, with a lower score reflecting faster reaction time. Clinically significant improvement is defined as a Reliable Change Index (RCI) exceeding 1.96 from baseline in at least one out of five tests (including this Reaction Time Test).

Assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®) Spatial Working Memory Test, a computerized cognitive testing software. Score ranges from 0-153, with a lower score reflecting better performance. Clinically significant improvement is defined as a Reliable Change Index (RCI) exceeding 1.96 from baseline in at least one out of five tests (including this Spatial Working Memory Test).

The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognition (FACT-Cog) version 3 is a validated 37-item questionnaire assessing self-perceived subjective cognitive function. The total FACT-Cog score is summed from all items (range: 0-148), with higher scores indicating better subjective cognitive functioning.

The Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF) is a validated questionnaire that comprises 30 items and contains 5 subscales, each with 6 items: general fatigue, physical fatigue, emotional fatigue, mental fatigue, and vigor. The total MFSI-SF score is obtained by subtracting the vigor subscale from the sum of all items (range: 24-96), with a higher score indicating higher fatigue level.

The Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) is a validated self-report measure of quality of life in patients with cancer. It includes 30 symptom items, 8 activity items, and 1 overall quality-of-life item. The symptom distress score combines the physical symptom distress scale (23 items, range 23-92) and, psychological distress scale (7 items, range 7-28), for a total range of 30-120. Higher scores indicate greater symptom burden, distress, or quality of life.

The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure that assesses the impact of health problems on work productivity and regular activities, including absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment, and activity impairment. Scores in each of these four areas are expressed as a percentage from 0% to 100%, with higher scores indicating greater impairment and worse productivity.

EuroQOL Group 5-Dimension (EQ-5D-5L) contains a 5-item descriptive system measuring 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/ discomfort, anxiety/ depression; a visual analogue scale (VAS) measuring overall health status. EQ-5D Index Value (Utility Score) ranges from 0 to 1.0 with higher value indicating better health-related quality of life. The VAS ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores reflecting better self-rated health.

Plasma brain-derived neurotropic factor levels at each time point will be analyzed from blood samples collected.

Plasma concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) will be measured from blood samples. Each cytokine will be reported in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). Higher values indicate higher plasma cytokine concentrations.

Epigenetic ageing will be assessed using DNA methylation-based biological age metrics derived from blood samples.

Participants will be monitored for adverse events and the severity will be graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).

Participants in the true and sham EA arms will complete a questionnaire evaluating their perceptions towards the true/sham EA treatment. Participants will be asked if they are satisfied and benefited from the treatment, and whether they would consider undergoing treatment again outside of a trial setting.

Adoption will be evaluated by tracking study enrollment logs, including the number of eligible individuals approached, the number recruited, and documented reasons for non-participation when available.

Treatment fidelity will be assessed from standardized treatment logs for each true/sham EA session by the TCM practitioners. For blinding assessment, participants in the true and sham EA arms will be asked to guess their treatment arm allocation (True EA/ Sham EA/ Don't know).

Semi-structured interviews conducted using an interview guide developed based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (TCM practitioners, tertiary healthcare providers, clinical operations staff) to identify barriers and facilitators to integrating EA into routine oncology care.

Implementation cost will be assessed using a time-driven activity-based costing approach. A structured activity log will be maintained by study personnel to document the time and resources required for each implementation activity, including personnel effort and fixed consumable resources.