Eight Units Extended Maxillary Fixed Retainer

3D Evaluation of the dental changes associated with an eight unit extended maxillary fixed retainer by superimposition of STL files before bonding and 6 months after bonding fixed retainer which is bonded directly after completion of active orthodontic phase, the changes in teeth position will be assessed by linear differences between the first stl and final stl file after superimposing them using medit software , on demand software ,creating linear measurement that calculate how teeth moved in antroposterior plane , transverse and vertical planes

evaluation of the changes of axial inclination of upper incisors before bonding fixed retainer and 6 months after bonding the retainer through measuring the axial inclination changes of upper incisors(u1-sn angle( upper 1 relation to cranial base ) , interincisal angle( angle between upper and lower incisors ) ,u1- FH angle( angle between upper incisor and Frankfort horizontal plane ) ,u1 to palatal plane angle (angle between upper incisor to palatal plane ), u1 to occlusal plane(angle between upper incisor and occlusal plane )

Evaluation of PDL changes associated with the extended upper fixed retainer through comparison of probing depth changes before bonding the retainer and 6 months after bonding Probing depth:- is the distance from the gingival margin to the base of the sulcus or periodontal pocket. Normal range (1-3mm) the differences in probing depth readings will reflect either negative or no effect of fixed retainer on PDL

Evaluation of PDL changes associated with the extended upper fixed retainer through calculating bleeding index before bonding and after 6 months of bonding fixed retainer Bleeding index:- method used to assess bleeding in the interdental tissues and gingiva.

0: No bleeding. 1: Only one bleeding point appearing. 2: Several isolated bleeding points or a small blood area appearing. 3: Interdental triangle filled with blood soon after probing. 4: Profuse bleeding when probing, blood spreads towards the marginal gingiva.

Changes in bleeding index will express effects of Fixed retainer on peridontium negatively or positively.

Evaluation of PDL changes associated with the extended upper fixed retainer through calculating plaque index before bonding and after 6 months of bonding fixed retainer Plaque index:- method used to assess the amount of plaque on teeth.0 = No plaque in the gingival area. 1 = Separate flecks of plaque at the cervical margin of the tooth. 2 = A thin continuous band of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin. 3 = Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival margin.Changes in plaque index will express effects of Fixed retainer on PDL negatively or positively.

Evaluation of PDL changes associated with the extended upper fixed retainer through calculating gingival index before bonding and after 6 months of bonding fixed retainer Gingival index:- method used to assess the severity of gingivitis.0 Normal gingiva Slight change in color, slight edema. No change on probing.1 Mild inflammation 2 Moderate inflammation Redness, edema, and glazing. Bleeding on probing. 3 Severe inflammation Marked redness and edema, ulceration. Tendency to spontaneous bleeding. Changes in gingival index readings will express effects of Fixed retainer on PDL negatively or positively.

Evaluation of the quality of life ,through A-Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) valid and reliable tool for assessing oral health quality of life among the adults.The responses are rated on a 5-point Likert scale: 0-never,1-hardly ever,2-occasionally,3-fairly often,4-very often/every day. The OHIP-14 scores can range from 0 to 56 and are calculated by summing the ordinal values for the 14 items B-Acceptance questionnaire It consists of 10 incomplete statements,needed to be completed by patient's choice. The available answer choices were scored using a 6-point Likert scale. To help patients understand the answers, answers were accompanied by facial expression. Scores 5 to 0 were allocated to the answer choices from left to right.The higher scores the higher satisfaction with the item. The total score of this tool ranged from 0 to 55. A higher total score indicated that the problems of using the orthodontic appliance were better accepted by patient and motivation to continue.