EHealth Based Self-management Intervention for Chronic Kidney Disease Care in China

The Chronic Kidney Disease Self-Management (CKD-SM) instrument with 29 items uses a four-point likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 4 (always) to measure subjects' self-management behavior. Possible scores range from 29 to 116 points, with higher scores indicating better self-management behavior

Change of blood pressure will be measured from baseline to 3, 6 and 9 months after randomization. The blood pressure will be measured in mmHg with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

Change of body weight will be measured from baseline to 3, 6 and 9 months after randomization. The body weight will be measured in kilograms

Glomerular filtration rate is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Change of glomerular filtration rate will be measured from baseline to 3, 6 and 9 months after randomization. The glomerular filtration rate will be measured in mL/min per 1.73 m2

Change of serum albumin will be measured from baseline to 3, 6 and 9 months after randomization. The serum albumin will be measured in g/L

Change of serum creatinine will be measured from baseline to 3, 6 and 9 months after randomization. The serum creatinine will be measured in μmol/L

Change of number of complications patients have will be measured from baseline to 3, 6 and 9 months after randomization

The Chronic Kidney Disease Self-efficacy (CKD-SE) scale is a 25-item self-administered scale that measures subjects' confidence. Responses range from no confidence (0) to the highest degree of confidence (10). Possible scores range from 0 to 250 points, with higher scores indicating greater levels of confidence

The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) is a nine-item scale designed to rapidly assess the cognitive and emotional representations of illness. This scale consists of eight items related to illness perception. In addition, patients are asked to identify the three most important factors that they believe have caused their illness. All of the items except the causal question are rated using a 0 to 10 response scale. Higher scores indicate stronger perceptions along that dimension. The scores of items 3, 4, and 7 are calculated and expressed as reverse scores in this scale. Possible scores range from 0 to 80 points, with higher scores indicating a more threatening view of the illness

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. It is a fourteen item scale that generates ordinal data. Seven items measure symptoms of anxiety and seven items measure symptoms of depression . Each item is coded from 0 to 3. Possible scores range from 0 to 21 points for sub-scale on anxiety or depression, with higher scores indicating greater levels of burden of anxiety or depression

The Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36-item short-form survey (KDQOL-36) is used to evaluate the health-related quality of life. It has 36 items. Possible scores range from 0 to 100 points, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life

The time to first acute hospital admission with an exacerbation of chronic kidney disease or death due to chronic kidney disease within nine months after randomisation

The change of healthcare utilisation will be measured by using the number of hospitalisations and emergency room visits, primary and secondary care visits of patients

The cost-benefit analysis will be measured by using medical cost (e.g., cost of treatment, hospitalization rates minored as monetary terms), all costs delivering the interventions (e.g., materials used in the interventions)

The proportion of chronic kidney disease patients and care professionals eligible to use our intervention program, excluded, invited, and enrolled in the intervention

The implementation completion tasks will be made as a checklist, and the number of implementations tasks finished will be checked

The number of chronic kidney disease patients' and care providers' use of materials or system