Efficacy of Treatment Intensification With Maraviroc on HIV-1 Viral Latency in Recently Infected Hiv-1 naïve Patients Starting Raltegravir Plus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

A reservoir of latently infected cells established early in infection may be involved in the maintenance of viral persistence despite continuous highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This is likely to represent the major barrier to virus eradication in patients on successful combination antiretroviral therapy.

The majority of the viruses in the latent reservoir use CCR5 receptor during entry.

More recently, clear evidences for decay of this HIV-1 reservoir in patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy early in infection have been demonstrated. The treatment of acute infection may set the stage for subsequent attempts at eradication. To achieve this, more potent antiretroviral therapy and/or more potent antilatency therapies may be needed.

In contrast to previous antiretroviral drugs, maraviroc does not need to cross the cell membrane, nor does not require intracellular processing in order to exert its activity. In addition, there is no cross-resistance between entry inhibitors and agents that act on intracellular targets.

Maraviroc has demonstrated potent antiviral activity against all CCR5-tropic HIV-1 viruses tested. Maraviroc could thus fulfil the requirements for an optimal candidate for treatment intensification in HIV-1 infected patients with a recent HIV-1 infection.

Inclusion criteria

• HIV-1 infected adults (>=18 years old).
• No previous antiretroviral therapy for more than 2 weeks.
• HIV-1 infection documented in the past 6 months by a previous negative ELISA test, or a documented clinical acute seroconversion in the past 6 months.
• CCR5-tropism confirmed at screening.
• Voluntary written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnancy or fertile women willing to be pregnant.
• Active substance abuse or major psychiatric disease.
• Presence of NRTI mutations in the screening genotype.