Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01 Vaccine Against Episodes of Malaria Due to P. Falciparum Infection in Children.

The first case of malaria meeting the primary case definition was defined as the first or only episodes with the presence of Plasmodium falciparum asexual parasitemia above (>) 2500 per microliter (μL) and the presence of fever greater than or equal to (≥) 37.5°C by active case detection (ACD) or passive case detection (PCD). Number of first case of malaria were assessed through estimate of vaccine efficacy (VE) adjusted or unadjusted for covariates, and are expressed in PYAR= number of episodes/Person Years at Risk.

The first case of malaria meeting the secondary case definition was defined as the first or only episodes with the presence of P.falciparum asexual parasitemia > 0 per μL and the presence of fever ≥ 37.5°C by active case detection (ACD) or passive case detection (PCD). Number of first case of malaria were assessed through estimate of vaccine efficacy (VE) adjusted or unadjusted for covariates, and are expressed in PYAR= number of episodes/Person Years at Risk.

Multiple episodes of malaria meeting the primary case definition was defined as episodes with the presence of P.falciparum asexual parasitemia > 25000 per μL and the presence of fever ≥ 37.5°C by active case detection (ACD) or passive case detection (PCD). Number of primary case of malaria were assessed through estimate of vaccine efficacy (VE) adjusted or unadjusted for covariates, and are expressed in PYAR= number of episodes/Person Years at Risk.

Multiple episodes of malaria meeting the secondary case definition was defined as episodes with the presence of P.falciparum asexual parasitemia > 0 per μL and the presence of fever ≥ 37.5°C by active case detection (ACD) or passive case detection (PCD). Number of secondary case of malaria were assessed through estimate of vaccine efficacy (VE) adjusted or unadjusted for covariates, and are expressed in PYAR= number of episodes/Person Years at Risk.

Estimates of asexual P. falciparum parasite density were made at the investigator's sites according to laboratory standard operating procedures. Parasite density was presented as a geometric mean (GMean), expressed in parasite per microliters (μL).

Haemoglobin values are expressed in grams per deciliter (g/dL).

Assessed solicited local symptoms were pain and swelling. Any = occurrence of the symptom regardless of intensity grade. Grade 3 pain = pain that prevented normal activity. Grade 3 swelling = swelling spreading beyond 20 millimeters (mm) of injection site.

Assessed solicited general symptoms were drowsiness, fever [defined as axillary temperature equal to or above (≥) 37.5 degrees Celsius (°C)], irritability and loss of appetite. Any = occurrence of the symptom regardless of intensity grade. Grade 3 symptom = symptom that prevented normal activity. Grade 3 fever = fever higher than (>) 39.0 °C. Related = symptom assessed by the investigator as related to the vaccination.

An unsolicited AE covers any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation subject temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product and reported in addition to those solicited during the clinical study and any solicited symptom with onset outside the specified period of follow-up for solicited symptoms. Any was defined as the occurrence of any unsolicited AE regardless of intensity grade or relation to vaccination.

Serious adverse events (SAEs) assessed include medical occurrences that result in death, are life threatening, require hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization or result in disability/incapacity.

Definitions for toxicity grading for hemoglobin were: Normal Hemoglobin = equal to or above (≥) 8.0 g/dL; Grade 1 Hemoglobin = under (<) 8.0 g/dL and above (>) 6.0 g/dL.; Grade 2 Hemoglobin = under (<) 6.0 g/dL.

Definitions for toxicity grading for WBC were: Normal WBC = ≥ 4.0 x 10^3 cells per microliters (cells/μL) or < 17 x 10^3 cells /μL; Grade 1 WBC = 2.5 to 4.0 x 10^3 cells/μL.

Definitions for toxicity grading for platelets were: Normal Platelets = ≥ 75 x 10^3 cells/μL; Grade 1 Platelets = 50 to 74 x 10^3 /μL; Grade 2 Platelets = 25 to 49 x 10^3 /μL; Grade 3 Platelets = < 25 x 10^3 /μL.

Definition for toxicity grading for ALT were: Normal ALT = ≤ 60 international units per liter (IU/L); Grade 1 ALT = 1.1 to 2.5 x Upper Limit of Normal (ULN); Grade 2 ALT = 2.6 to 5.0 x ULN.

Definition for toxicity grading for creatinine were: Normal Creatinine = ≤ 60 micromols per liter (μmol/L); Grade 1 Creatinine = 1.1 to 1.5 x ULN; Grade 2 Creatinine = 1.6 to 3.0 x ULN.

Concentrations are presented as geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), expressed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units per milliliter (EU/mL).

Concentrations are presented as geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), expressed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units per milliliter (EU/mL).

T-cells expressing at least one of the following cytokines are presented here: interleukin-2 [IL-2], tumor-necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]. Frequency is expressed in cells/million, as assessed by Intracellular Cytokine Assay (ICA).

T-cells expressing at least one of the following cytokines are presented here: interleukin-2 [IL-2], tumor-necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]. Frequency is expressed in cells/million, as assessed by Intracellular Cytokine Assay (ICA).

T-cells expressing at least one of the following cytokines are presented here: interleukin-2 [IL-2], tumor-necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]. Frequency is expressed in cells/million, as assessed by Intracellular Cytokine Assay (ICA).

T-cells expressing at least one of the following cytokines are presented here: interleukin-2 [IL-2], tumor-necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]. Frequency is expressed in cells/million, as assessed by Intracellular Cytokine Assay (ICA).