Efficacy of Non-invasive Neuromodulation Treatments for COVID-19 Sequelae

survey of patients about conditions diagnosed during the illness and those they suffer from after infection that are directly related to abnormalities to be assessed.

Nominal variables such as sex, age, vaccination and number of months with symptoms

Assess the quality of life impairments of patients with olfactory dysfunction. In a scale of 0 to 3, with higher scores reflecting better olfactory-specific

Assesses the impact of health on an individual's everyday life. Scores above 50 indicate a better-than-average health-related quality of life, while scores below 50 suggest below-average health.

Assesses the ability to recognize familiar odors. A 12-item questionnaire. For each item, a microcapsule containing a familiar odor is scratched with a pencil and placed under the participant's nose.

The total score is the number of odors that are correctly recognized. Missing responses are assigned a partial score of 0.25. If more than 2 responses are missing, the entire test is treated as missing.

Quality of life related to health.

Questionaire with two parts:

• Descriptive system (5 items). Minimum value: 1 (absence of dificulties). Maximum value: 3 (plenty of difficulties). Optimal value: 1.
• Visual analogical scale (EVA). Minimum value: 0 (worst imaginable state of health). Maximum value: 100 (best imaginable state of health). Optimal value: 100.

It is used to evaluate functional impairment in people with upper extremity musculoskeletal dysfunction. 25 questions assessing the level of difficulty in performing activities of daily living using your upper extremities, including household and work activities, hobbies, lifting a bag of food, washing your scalp, pushing on your hands, driving, etc. Patients respond to each item by circling the number that best describes their level of difficulty.

Valid patient-rated outcome measure to measure lower extremity function. The lower the score the greater the disability. The minimal detectable change is 9 scale points.

Intensity of pain. Minimum value: 0 (absence of pain). Maximum value: 10 (unbearable pain). Optimal value: 0.

The sensory exam involves evaluation of pain and light touch. Test pain using a sharp object. At minimum, test the shoulders, arms and legs, comparing side to side and proximal to distal areas. In any area where the patient complains of sensory loss or hypersensitivity, more detailed testing may be required.

For light touch, uses your fingertips or a wisp of cotton, lightly stroke the skin and determine if the patient feels this symmetrically in all areas tested. At minimum, test the shoulders, arms and legs, comparing side to side and proximal to distal areas.

Respiratory evaluation. Minimum value: 0 (absence of dyspnea). Maximum value: 5 (dyspnea occurs with minimal efforts). Optimal value: 0.

measurement of lung function with spirometry and lung volume testing (measurement of maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (Pimax and Pemax, respectively)