Efficacy of Different Doses of Pregabalin as a Multimodal Analgesic Agent in Postoperative Pain Control After Total Knee Arthroplasty

• The 100-mm VAS pain score is a self-reported instrument assessing pain scores.
• Participants will assess the VAS pain score at rest and on-movement
• VAS Pain at rest is evaluated when the participant is at rest.
• VAS Pain on-movement is evaluated on active extension and flexion of the operated knee using mean scores between the two.
• Possible scores range from 0 (no pain) to 100 (worst imaginable pain)
• Higher scores mean a worse pain

Amount of Morphine consumption as rescue pain control reported as mg per day

Common of side effects of Pregabalin and Morphine including sedation, dizziness, visual disturbances, nausea and vomiting

Time to discharge

Time from operation to ambulation before hospital discharge

• Flexion and extension angle of the knee is measured by a long-arm goniometer

• The Knee Society Score is a validated, objective scoring system to evaluate patient's functional abilities before and after total knee arthroplasty
• The Knee Society Score has 2 sections including Knee Score and Functional Score with both sections scored from 0 to 100
• Higher scores on the Knee Society Score indicate better knee conditions

• The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score is a validated, patient reported joint-specific score to assess patient pain (9 items), other symptoms (7 items), function in daily living (17 items), function in sport and recreation (5 items), and knee related quality of life (4 items)
• The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score range from 0 to 100
• Higher scores on the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score indicate better knee conditions

• The Time up-and-go test (TUGT) measures the time (seconds) that the patient takes to rise from a chair and walk for 3 meters. Then, he or she turns around and comes back to the seat at the initial position.
• They were permitted to use walking aids if they wished.
• TUGT was a reliable and valid test for quantifying functional mobility.

• Participants were instructed to walk for 2 minutes at their normal pace up and down a designated corridor, turning around at each end of the corridor without stopping
• They were permitted to use walking aids if they wished.
• The results were recorded as the total distance walked in meters.