Efficacy of Bilhvax in Association With Praziquantel for Prevention of Clinical Recurrences of Schistosoma Haematobium

Patient inclusion (detailed criteria):

Children in CI or CP classes of public schools in St Louis Region (Senegal) A male or female between, and including, 6 and 9 years of age at the time of the first vaccination Free of obvious health problems excepted schistosomiasis as established by clinical examination (W8-W1) Found positive for S. haematobium infection during the selection period (W12 à W9) : microhaematuria ≥ 2+ et Urinary Filtration, UF ≥ 50 eggs of Sh/10ml urine Written inform consent obtained from the parent or guardian of the subject (W9) and child acceptance Pretreated with 2 doses of 40mg/kg PZQ (at W9 and W8) Absence of heavy lesions of the urinary tract under echotomography (W8 et W1)

Primary objective (detailed):

To demonstrate a significant delay of recurrence of the schistosomiasis pathology in vaccine group compared to control group in the 3 years period following the first administration (between D0 and W152).

Criterion of meeting the recurrence is the association of :

Positive microscopic haematuria (positivity by urinary stick : ≥ 1+)

• either during the active visits (W82, W100, W117, W134, or W152).
• or after spontaneous complaint of the patient at any time Positive parasitological test defined as the presence of at least one living egg of S. haematobium during one out of three UF (one UF per day/3 days during one week). The delay of the first recurrence is defined as the delay between the date of inclusion and the date of the positive parasitological test.

Statistical considerations : The number of patients necessary to detect the expected difference after 3 years of study (50% of recurrence in vaccinated group versus 70% in placebo group), with a statistical power of 80% and a bilateral test at 5%, is 103 children per group. To assume the lost of statistical power in the "intention to treat" analysis (ITT) resulting from the number of cases where vaccine protocol has not been completed, 125 children per group will be included in the study. In total 250 children will be included in the study.

Inclusion criteria

• Children in CI or CP classes of public schools in St Louis Region (Senegal) A male or female between, and including, 6 and 9 years of age at the time of the first vaccination Free of obvious health problems excepted schistosomiasis as established by clinical examination (W8-W1) Found positive for S. haematobium infection during the selection period (W12 à W9) : microhaematuria ≥ 2+ et Urinary Filtration, UF ≥ 50 eggs of Sh/10ml urine Written inform consent obtained from the parent or guardian of the subject (W9) and child acceptance Pretreated with 2 doses of 40mg/kg PZQ (at W9 and W8) Absence of heavy lesions of the urinary tract under echotomography (W8 et W1)

Exclusion criteria

• Absence of written inform consent or expressed refusal from the child Vaccination other than the study vaccine within 90 days preceding the first dose of study vaccine, or planned use during the study period.

Chronic administration (defined as more than 14 days) of immunosuppressants or other immuno-modifying drugs, actual or since previous year.

History of allergic disease or reactions likely exacerbated by any component of the vaccine Acute disease at time of enrolment Other conditions which in opinion of the PI may potentially represent a danger for the child to be enrolled.