Efficacy of a Couple-Focused mHealth Symptom Self-management Program

The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) is used to measure change in quality of life of patient and partner from baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post-T1), T3 (8-months post-T1), and T4 (12-months post-T1). Change from baseline is the post-Baseline values minus the Baseline value. Functional assessment of Cancer Therapy-General is a 27-item survey which assesses physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being on a 5-point Likert scale, with 0 indicating "not at all" and 4 indicating "very much" in response to item questions. The total FACT-G score is calculated as the sum of four sub scores including physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being. Total scores range between 0-108. Higher scores indicated better well-being. It has also demonstrated sensitivity to change over time.

PROMIS Pain Interference - Short Form 6b is used to measure change in Pain Interference among patients and their partners from Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post-T1), T3 (8-mon post-T1), and T4 (12-mon post-T1). Required by PROMIS scoring instrument, for all PROMS measurements, total raw scores are translated into T scores for each participant, where the T score rescales the raw score into a standardized T score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation (SD) of 10. The pain measures the extent to which patients experience problems with pain over the past 7 days using a 5-point Likert scale. Higher scores reflect greater Pain Interference. The score value ranges between 41-78.3.

FACT-G is used to measure the change in the quality of life of patients and partners from baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post-T1), T3 (8 months post-T1), and T4 (12 months post-T1). Change from baseline is the post-baseline values minus the Baseline value. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General is a 27-item survey that assesses physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being on a 5-point Likert scale, with 0 indicating "not at all" and 4 indicating "very much" in response to item questions. The total FACT-G score is calculated as the sum of four sub-scores including physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being. Total scores range between 0-108. Higher scores indicated better well-being. It has also demonstrated sensitivity to change over time.

PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short Form 8b is used to examine change in sleep quality of patients and their partners from Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post T1), T3 (8-months post-T1), and T4 (12-months post-T1). Required by the PROMIS scoring instrument, for all PROMS measurements, total raw scores are translated into T scores for each participant, where the T score rescales the raw score into a standardized T score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation (SD) of 10. The sleep disturbance sub-scale measured the extent to which participants experienced sleep disturbance over the past 7 days using a 5-point Likert scale. Higher scores reflect greater sleep disturbance. Score value ranges between 28.9-76.5.

PROMIS-Emotional Distress-Anxiety Short Form 7a is used to examine change in anxiety among patients and their partners from Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post T1), T3 (8-months post-T1), and T4 (12-months post-T1). For all PROMS measurements, total raw scores are translated into T scores for each participant, where the T score rescales the raw score into a standardized T score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation (SD) of 10. The anxiety sub-scale of the PROMIS item bank measures the extent to which participants experience anxiety symptoms over the past 7 days using a 5-point Likert scale (1=never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often; and 5=always) with the total scores range from 36.3 to 82.7 with higher scores reflect higher anxiety.

PROMIS-Emotional Distress-Depression Short From 8b is used to measure the change in depression scores among patients from Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post T1), T3 (8-months post-T1), and T4 (12-months post-T1). Required by the PROMIS scoring instrument, for all PROMIS measurements, total raw scores are translated into T scores for each participant, where the T score rescales the raw score into a standardized T score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation (SD) of 10. The depression sub-scale of the PROMIS item bank measures the extent to which participants experience depressive symptoms in the past 7 days using a 5-point Likert scale (1=never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often; and 5=always) with the total scores range from 24.7 to 63.5 with higher scores indicate greater depressive symptoms.

Urinary symptom scores change by time were measured using patients' self-assessed urinary symptoms subscale of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Short Form (EPIC 26) which is designed to evaluate patient urinary function and bother after prostate cancer treatment. EPIC26 was used at Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post-T1), T3 (8 months post-T1), and T4 (12 months post-T1). EPIC26 evaluates patients' functional and symptom-specific issues, including urinary, bowel, sexual, and hormonal symptoms and bother. The patient self-report contains 26 items, and the score range is 0-100. Higher scores represent fewer prostate cancer symptoms and better prostate cancer-related quality of life.

Bowel symptom scores change by time and were measured using patients' self-assessed bowel symptoms subscale of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Short Form (EPIC 26) which is designed to evaluate patient function and bother after prostate cancer treatment. EPIC was used at Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post-T1), T3 (8 months post-T1), and T4 (12 months post-T1). EPIC26 evaluates patients' functional and symptom-specific issues, including urinary, bowel, sexual, and hormonal symptoms and bother. The patient self-report contains 26 items, and the score range is 0-100. Higher scores represent fewer prostate cancer symptoms and better prostate cancer-related quality of life.

Sexual symptom scores change by time were measured using patients' self-assessed sexual symptoms subscale of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Short Form (EPIC 26) which is designed to evaluate patient function and bother after prostate cancer treatment. EPIC was used at Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post T1), T3 (8-months post-T1), and T4 (12-months post-T1). EPIC26 evaluates patients' functional and symptom-specific issues, including urinary, bowel, sexual, and hormonal symptoms and bother. The patient self-report contains 26 items, and the score range is 0-100. Higher scores represent fewer prostate cancer symptoms and better prostate cancer-related quality of life.

Hormonal symptom scores change by time were measured using patients' self-assessed hormonal subscale of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Short Form (EPIC 26) which is designed to evaluate patient function and bother after prostate cancer treatment. EPIC was used at Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post-T1), T3 (8 months post-T1), and T4 (12 months post-T1). EPIC26 evaluates patients' functional and symptom-specific issues, including urinary, bowel, sexual, and hormonal symptoms and bother. The patient self-report contains 26 items, and the score range is 0-100. Higher scores represent fewer prostate cancer symptoms and better prostate cancer-related quality of life.

Urinary symptom scores change by time were measured using caregiver assessed urinary symptoms subscale of the 4-item caregiver version of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Short Form which is designed to assess how much of a bother/burden patients' prostate cancer symptoms were for the partners themselves. EPIC-caregiver was used Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post-T1), T3 (8 months post-T1), and T4 (12 months post-T1). The partner reported how patients' urinary and bowel, sexual, and hormonal symptoms bothered the caregivers. The score range is 0-100. Higher scores represent fewer bother partners reported and better prostate cancer-related quality of life.

Bowel symptom scores change by time were measured using caregiver-assessed bowel symptoms subscale of the 4-item caregiver version of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Short Form which is designed to assess how much of a bother/burden patients' prostate cancer symptoms were for the partners themselves. EPIC-caregiver was used Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post T1), T3 (8 months post-T1), and T4 (12 months post-T1). The partner reported how patients' urinary and bowel, sexual, and hormonal symptoms bothered the caregivers. The score range is 0-100. Higher scores represent fewer bother partners reported and better prostate cancer-related quality of life.

Hormonal symptom scores change by time were measured using caregiver-assessed hormonal subscale of the 4-item caregiver version of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Short Form which is designed to assess how much of a bother/burden patients' prostate cancer symptoms were for the partners themselves. EPIC-caregiver was used Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post T1), T3 (8-months post-T1), and T4 (12 months post-T1). The partner reported how patients' urinary and bowel, sexual, and hormonal symptoms bothered the caregivers. The score range is 0-100. Higher scores represent fewer bother partners reported and better prostate cancer-related quality of life.

Sexual symptom scores change by time were measured using caregiver assessed sexual symptoms subscale of the 4-item caregiver version of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Short Form which is designed to assess how much of a bother/burden patients' prostate cancer symptoms were for the partners themselves. EPIC-caregiver was used Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post T1), T3 (8 months post-T1), and T4 (12 months post-T1). The partner reported how patients' urinary and bowel, sexual, and hormonal symptoms bothered the caregivers. The score range is 0-100. Higher scores represent fewer bother partners reported and better prostate cancer-related quality of life.

The Lewis Cancer Self-Efficacy will be used to measure change in patient and partner feelings of self-efficacy in dealing with the patient's cancer diagnosis and treatment from Baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post T1), T3 (8-months post-T1), and T4 (12-months post-T1). Change from baseline is the post-Baseline values minus the Baseline value. Patients will rate statements about how confident they feel on a scale from 1 to 10, where higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy.

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 8a is a National Institute of Health-funded initiative to develop and validate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for clinical research and practice. PROMISE is a set of measures that evaluates and monitors physical, mental, and social health. It uses a 5-point Likert scale. The scoring process involved collecting PROMIS data from participants and calculating the PROMIS score as the sum of responses to each question. Then Health Measures Scoring Service was used to calculate the PROMIS T-score - the standardized score. Specifically, PROMIS uses a T-score metric in which 50 is the mean of a relevant reference population and 10 is the standard deviation (SD) of that population (T-scores have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation (SD) of 10). On the T-score metric: A score of 40 is one SD lower than the mean of the reference population; A score of 60 is one SD higher than the mean of the reference population.

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 8a is a National Institute of Health-funded initiative to develop and validate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for clinical research and practice. PROMISE is a set of measures that evaluates and monitors physical, mental, and social health. It uses a 5-point Likert scale. The scoring process involved collecting PROMIS data from participants and calculating the PROMIS score as the sum of responses to each question. Then Health Measures Scoring Service was used to calculate the PROMIS T-score - the standardized score. Specifically, PROMIS uses a T-score metric in which 50 is the mean of a relevant reference population and 10 is the standard deviation (SD) of that population (T-scores have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation (SD) of 10). On the T-score metric: A score of 40 is one SD lower than the mean of the reference population; A score of 60 is one SD higher than the mean of the reference population.

The appraisal of Illness scale is used to measure changes in perception of prostate cancer and related issues among patients and their partners. The Appraisal of Illness scale is a 20-item measure that uses Likert Scales ranging from 1 to 5 (very false to very true). The score range is 1-5. The higher score indicated a better cognitive appraisal of the illness the patient or partner had. The score is calculated by the Prorated mean scale scores. The formula is prorated scale score =[SUM OF ITEM SCORES]x[N OF ITEMS IN SCALE]/[N OF ITEMS ANSWERED]. Measurements were performed at baseline (T1) to T2 (4 months post T1), T3 (8-months post-T1), and T4 (12-months post-T1). Change from baseline is the post-baseline values minus the baseline value. Higher scores indicate better support.